Exercises on the Late Middle Ages

Which of these events took place during the Late Middle Ages?

a) Expansion of Islam throughout the Iberian Peninsula

b) Early Carolingian Dynasty

c) Hundred Years' War

d) Reign of Justinian I

e) Defeat of the Moors at the Battle of Poitiers

Regarding the 14th century crisis, select the INCORRECT alternative.

a) The 14th century was marked by bad harvests that spread famine across Europe.

b) There were worker rebellions both in the cities and in the countryside.

c) About 1/3 of the European population died from the Black Death.

d) Wars were a factor that spread poverty and death in this century of crisis.

e) The Black Death was brought to Europe through Norse contact with the Kingdom of Rus, a kingdom in the region of present-day Ukraine.

Read the following snippet:

This period of the year one thousand and the following decades is an essential period for the social and political restructuring of the space of Christendom, and this restructuring has left deep marks on the territorial organization of Europe. Given the importance of the feudal castle in this new organization, historians, to designate it, took an Italian word from Pierre Toubert's great book on medieval Latium:the incastellamento, the castellation.

LE GOFF, Jacques. The medieval roots of Europe. Petrópolis:Vozes, 2011, p. 78.

The word used by Jacques Le Goff, based on the nomenclature established by Pierre Toubert, is related to:

a) Commercial revival.

b) Feudalization.

c) Emergence of boroughs.

d) Black Death.

e) Monarchical centering.

The Late Middle Ages is a period of considerable change in Western Europe. Select the alternative that presents a transformation that allowed the increase of agricultural productivity in Europe.

a) Using the stirrup

b) Invention of the trebuchet

c) Using the metal plow

d) Invention of the press

e) Invention of a loom

(Cespe/Cebraspe) Feudalism was a system that prevailed in the Middle Ages and had political, economic and social implications. In this system,

a) power was centralized in the sovereign.

b) the population was predominantly urban.

c) the economy was based on industry.

d) society was divided into orders.

e) the nobility was in charge of commerce.

(AGIRH – adapted) Between the 11th and 13th centuries, Europe went through a process of great economic development, thanks to the increase in agricultural production and commercial and urban expansion. However, towards the end of the 13th century, this development slowed down. This situation, called the “14th century crisis”, was caused by several reasons, with emphasis on:

a) the destruction of crops by pests and the Crusades.

b) the opening of the Mediterranean Sea and the exchange of serfs for wage laborers.

c) the sugar crisis and the Counter-Reformation.

d) the Hundred Years War and the Black Death.

e) the Norman invasions and the invention of printing.

(Objective) Regarding feudal society, mark C for the Right statements, E for the Wrong ones and, after that, mark the alternative that presents the CORRECT sequence.

( ) Feudal relationships allowed lords to increase military strength. The practice of vassalage is related to the need for armed support.

( ) Feudalism was built on an economic foundation known as the manorial system. The village community, made up of serfs tied to the land, became the essential agricultural structure of medieval society.

( ) Feudal society was a predominantly male world; however, women, mainly belonging to the nobility, had a decisive role in the administration of manors.

a) C - C - E.

b) E - C - C.

c) C - E - E.

d) E - C - E.

e) E - E - E.

“A careful reading of the texts of the High Middle Ages allowed us to conclude that the plague was virulent in Europe and around the Mediterranean basin between the 6th and 8th centuries, with a kind of periodicity of epidemic outbreaks, whose peaks were situated every nine or twelve years. Then it seemed to disappear in the 9th century, but to brutally reappear in 1346 on the shores of the Sea of ​​Azov... Throughout the rest of the 14th century and at least until the beginning of the 16th century, the plague reappeared almost every year in a place or another from western Europe. In 1359, there it was in Belgium and Alsace; in 1360-1361, in England and France... An Orviedo chronicler took notes; The first general Plague occurred in 1348 and was the strongest.” Then he added; "Second Plague in, 1363...". Let's also consider the case of Châlons-sur-Marne. The dates of epidemics in the city seem to follow a rhythm and an attack stands out for decades.”.

Delemau, Jean. History of Fear in the West 1300-1800. A city under siege; translation Maria lucia Machado, translation of the notes Heloisa Jahn- São Paulo; Companhia das Letras.

The text above talks about the Black Death in the Middle Ages. Now read the following alternatives and mark the only CORRECT one.

a) The theological conception of the Catholic Church at the time facilitated the treatment of the disease.

b) The precarious hygiene, food and housing conditions facilitated the rapid contagion in several regions of Europe.

c) The animal that transmitted the Black Death was the pigeon, an animal widely used in European food.

d) The plague caused ulcers, stroke and cardiac arrest.

e) It was an easily treatable disease and was therefore quickly contained in Europe,

spreading only across Asia.

The commercial renaissance allowed the emergence of two important commercial hubs in Europe during the Late Middle Ages. In the south, Italian cities dominated trade in the Mediterranean Sea, while in northern Europe there was a commercial alliance that became known as:

a) Hanseatic League.

b) Turn on Novgorod.

c) Teutonic League.

d) Germanic Alliance.

e) Saxon Alliance.

In politics, Europe witnessed during the Late Middle Ages:

a) the formation of popular councils.

b) the centralization of power.

c) the separation of State and Church

d) the highest popular participation.

e) the rise of constitutional monarchies.

In 1066, the Normans established themselves on the English throne through the coronation of:

a) Louis XIV.

b) Filipe Augusto.

c) Philip IV.

d) Charles II.

e) Guilherme I.

The event that ended the Middle Ages and, consequently, the Late Middle Ages was:

a) Black Death.

b) end of the Hundred Years War.

c) conquest of Ceuta.

d) coronation of Isabella of Castile.

e) conquest of Constantinople.

Alternative c.

The Hundred Years' War was a conflict that lasted from 1337 to 1453 and was fought between England and France. This conflict is directly related to the processes of consolidation of the national territories of both countries and the strengthening of the powers of kings through the use of professional armies. It caused great transformations in Europe, stabilizing the French monarchy and leaving England without its continental possessions. All the other events mentioned took place during the High Middle Ages.

Alternative e.

The Black Death was not brought to Europe by the contact of the Norse with the inhabitants of Rus, but by the Genoese navigators, who, in the 14th century, colonized Caffa, a city located in Crimea. This city was besieged by the Tartars, who used dead bodies with the bubonic plague to spread the disease throughout the city. The Genoese fled from Caffa and brought the plague to Europe in 1348.

Alternative b.

The feudalization of Europe is what other historians call castling. With the break-up of the Roman Empire, from the 5th century onwards, Europe became rural, and, from the 9th century onwards, the invasions of the Nordics and Hungarians forced this castellation of Europe. Existing fiefs began to be fortified and castles began to be built as a security measure.

Alternative c.

The invention of the metal plow (heavy plow) was one of the technical innovations that allowed a leap in agricultural productivity in the Late Middle Ages. With the plow, the soil plow was improved, ensuring that the seeds were deposited deeper into the soil. The use of the triennial rotation system and the warming of the average temperature in Europe were other factors that contributed to the improvement in agricultural productivity.

LETER D

Medieval society is well known for being divided into very well defined classes and with very little possibility of social mobility. In the context of feudalism, these classes were nobles, clergy, and peasants.

LETER D

The 14th century crisis is how historians understand the combination of catastrophic events that took place on the European continent in that period. Two significant events in this context were the Hundred Years' War, fought between the French and the English between 1337 and 1453, and the Black Death, a bubonic plague pandemic that took place between 1347 and 1353.

LETER A

The vassalage and suzerainty agreements aimed to guarantee more support for the king, which often included the possibility of having more troops at his disposal through vassals. In feudalism, peasants were in fact tied to the land they worked, and the administration of manors was a male job.

LETER B

The Black Death was caused by an outbreak of the bubonic plague that was brought by Italian traders from Crimea. In Europe, there were perfect conditions for the spread of diseases, due to the dirtiness of the cities, the number of people who lived in clusters and the existence of rats, which served as a vector of the disease.

LETER A

The Hanseatic League was a political-economic alliance established between cities in northern Europe from the 12th century onwards. This trade alliance extended from London, England, to Novgorod, Russia, allowing for the establishment of free trade between participating cities.

LETER B

From the Late Middle Ages onwards, a centralization of power began to be established through royal empowerment. This process coincided with the formation of National States and guaranteed the formation of dynasties, since the king acted directly to guarantee his power.

LETTER E

In 1066, William I, known as William the Conqueror, became King of England, becoming the first Norman king to occupy the English throne. He was a Duke of Normandy who was descended from invading Vikings. That year he landed troops in England and fought to secure his right to take the throne.

LETTER E

According to traditional historiography, the event that ended the Middle Ages was the conquest of Constantinople, an event that took place in 1453 and marked the end of the Byzantine Empire. With that, the city of Constantinople passed into the hands of the Ottoman Empire.