The envoy to Sui and the envoy to Tang are 600 years in the Christian era. Around 894 Sui and Tang , which was the mainland of China at that time for about 300 years This is a delegation dispatched from Japan in search of advanced technology and culture.
What are envoys to Sui and Tang?
The envoys to Tang and Sui are first classified according to the age of dispatch.
Era (duration of dispatch)Mission to Sui ... 600-618 years
Mission to Tang ・ ・ ・ 630-894
Purpose of dispatch
The envoys to Sui and Tang went to the continent to embrace the culture, but their true purposes were different.
Purpose of the mission to SuiLet Sui and other neighboring countries know that it is a civilized country that can deal with Sui on an equal footing
To incorporate Sui culture into Japan
Purpose of the envoy to Tang
To bring back Tang culture, political system, and Buddhism to Japan
To do political diplomacy against the background of losing the battle of Baekgang
The main characters of the envoy to Sui and the envoy to Tang
main character
Mission to Sui ... Ono no Imoko
Mission to Tang ... Yamanoue no Okura, Kibi no Makibi, Abe no Nakamaro, Sugawara no Michizane
Overview of the mission to Sui
The era of Empress Suiko, 600-618 5 or more dispatches in 18 years And Nihon Shoki There are records left in such. However, due to the destruction of the Sui in 618, the dispatch of the envoy to Sui was terminated and it was taken over by the envoy to Tang.
As mentioned above, around this time, various dynasties were born and divided repeatedly in mainland China for about 370 years. The Sui Dynasty united this Chinese continent, 518-619 . Will continue until.
East Asian countries sent delegations to Sui, the unified dynasty of mainland China, to build relationships, not just Japan. Before the throne of Empress Suiko, Japan was also influenced by internal conflict . I couldn't send a mission at, but I was able to send the first mission in 600.
Purpose of the mission to Sui
Japan needs to be informed that it is a country with civilization not only in Sui but also in the world had.
Therefore, we sent a messenger to the neighboring country, Sui, a country where Japan can deal with Sui on an equal footing . There was a purpose to let you know that.
However, at the beginning of 600, when the Emperor of Sui asked about Japan, he gave a misguided reply, and [ Japan is a savage country with no advanced civilization . ] Was said.
Therefore, the Constitution of the 12th floor of the crown and the Seventeen-Article Constitution was enacted centering on Prince Shotoku on the Japanese side so that Japan is said to be a civilized country.
And another was to introduce the Sui culture into Japan.
Japan has been interacting with countries on the Korean Peninsula such as Goguryeo and Baekje for some time, but Sui was the most advanced civilization in East Asia at that time. Therefore, we dispatched a mission to Sui to further develop Japanese culture.
Celebrity of the envoy to Sui
The famous envoy to Sui is Ono no Imoko . Is famous and appears in textbooks.
Ono no Imoko is the second envoy to Sui [ Tenshi in the place where the sun rises, Tenshi in the place where the calligraphy is set There is an anecdote that she was furious when she handed over the national book written as "] to the Emperor of Sui, Yang Guang.
At this time, Ono no Imoko received a reply letter from her Sui, but lost . She was exiled after her return, but her achievements as her mission to Sui were recognized Twelve Stage Cap and Rank . Then the top Daedeok I got the place.
Ono no Imoko brings a national book as a mission to Sui [ Rude "607" mission to Sui, Ono no Imoko ], And remember that it often appears in tests.
Overview of the envoy to Tang
618 years The Sui dynasty was destroyed, and the Tang dynasty unified the Chinese continent, 618-907 . It was a long-term dynasty that lasted nearly 300 years. At the beginning of the dynasty, the dispatch of missions was postponed, but the dispatch was resumed around 630, and the missions to Tang were dispatched a total of 20 times, including the fact that they could not reach Tang.
Prince Shotoku In the days of Emperor Jomei, the minister Soga no Emishi / strong> was.
Purpose of dispatching envoys to Tang
By dispatching the envoy to Tang, we will bring back the advanced culture and system of Tang and have a great influence on the nation-building of Japan. Also, the Tang Ritsuryo system Will have a great impact on Japan's national management in the future, and will lead to the establishment of a centralized system by the emperor.
In addition, many study abroad monks went to Tang to study Buddhism by dispatching envoys to Tang, and Tang monks sometimes came to Japan to spread Buddhism to Japan. Jianzhen, who built Toshodaiji Temple, is also one of the people who came to Japan by ship when the envoy to Tang returned to Japan.
The envoy to Tang played an important role for diplomatic purposes as well as the envoy to Sui.
In 663, after Baekje, who had a close relationship with Japan, proceeded with Tang and Silla, Japan sent reinforcements to the Korean Peninsula [ Battle of Baekgang . ] And fought for Tang. As a result, Baekje was destroyed due to a great defeat by the Tang and Silla coalition forces.
Therefore, like Baekje, Japan dispatched envoys to Tang so that it would not be certified as an enemy country, and made diplomatic efforts so as not to break diplomatic relations with Tang. At that time, the envoy to Tang had a strong political meaning, such as sending tribute to the Tang court.
Celebrity of the envoy to Tang
There were many famous people in the envoy to Tang, which lasted for nearly 300 years.
Yamanoue no Okura , who is highly regarded as a singer for the 702 mission Learned Confucianism and Buddhism in Tang, Manyoshu Many songs are left behind. Also, 717 Kibi no Makibi and Abe no Nakamaro Kibi will be active in the political center after studying astronomy, music, and military art in Tang.
Abe no Nakamaro is the Tang national examination, Imperial Examination It is a famous story that he passed the test and climbed up to the elite bureaucracy of the Tang dynasty.
894 Is the god of learning, Sugawara no Michizane Was dispatched, but the envoy to Tang was abolished because of the decline of Tang and the dangerous route.
Let's return this year to [ blank paper (894) ] Is a good memory to remember.
From Tenpyo culture to national culture ...
Empress Suiko Mission to Sui and Mission to Tang to dispatch a delegation to the Chinese dynasty that began in the era of ..
The envoy to Sui did this to make the country known to the world, but in the era of envoys to Tang China, the political implications for normalizing diplomatic relations became greater.
600-894 By dispatching a delegation from Japan, Japan adopted the culture and politics of the Sui and Tang dynasties of the Chinese dynasty, and Taika Reform in 645. And the Taiho Code of 701 We have reached a major historical turning point.
At the end, it was canceled by Sugawara no Michizane due to the decline of Tang and the dramatic development of Japan. I will go.