Prang Ku

Terrain

General Condition

The area where Ku was located before the restoration was a mound. surrounded by fields It is about 2 meters higher than the surrounding area and is covered with quite dense trees. The west side of the archaeological site is about 60 meters away. The surrounding area is mainly glutinous rice fields. They also plant sugarcane, raise animals, and grow vegetable gardens.

Height above mean sea level

Waterway

Chuan River, natural creek (name unknown)

Geological conditions

Prang Ku Ban Nong Faek is located on a mound among the plains that have been deposited from the precipitation. Geological features of the area are sandstone in the Phu Kradueng rock category.

Archaeological Era

era/culture

Archaeological age

Types of archaeological sites

archaeological essence

From the past work of the Fine Arts Department (Dusit Tummakorn and Thanongsak Hanwong 2010), information on the Prang Ku Ban Nong Faek in various aspects is as follows:

History of ancient sites

From the villagers interviewed by the Fine Arts Department (2010) information that over 40 years ago, this area was a dense forest covered with trees. The ancient site is destroyed The rock was moved outward and the soil was dug out until a room inside the Gopura was seen. There is a pedestal enshrined an idol sculpture. which used to have an idol standing on this altar sandstone sculpture sitting posture no head part located in front of the castle Prang Ku water is poured during April

More than 20 years ago, there were 2 monks living in the archaeological site. brought villagers to dig a pond in front of the ancient site Until the depth of the original pond 2-3 meters, claiming to excavate some ancient artifacts of significant value. but did not find any artifacts Then moved some of the ancient ruins' falling rocks. to be arranged around the upper pool Bring a group of villagers along with several cars to cover the interior of the castle until it's full. As high as the upper door frame of the main castle and put the falling stones arranged to cover the surface of the soil. As for the glass wall area, the falling stones were moved up and arranged. until it clearly shows the pattern that is different from the original When finished, the monks traveled to other places.

2005 Ban Tao Subdistrict Administrative Organization supported the budget for the Fine Arts Office 12 Nakhon Ratchasima to dig up and excavate the ancient site of Prang Ku, Ban Nong Faek until it was completed.

2007 Ban Tao Subdistrict Administrative Organization (Currently, Ban Tao Subdistrict Municipality) supports the budget for the Fine Arts Office No. 12 Nakhon Ratchasima to renovate the main castle and the library of the ancient site of Prang Ku, Ban Nong Faek.

2008, Ban Tao Subdistrict Administrative Organization supported the budget for the Fine Arts Office 12 Nakhon Ratchasima to renovate the glass wall and pond of Prang Ku ancient site, Ban Nong Faek.

Archaeological site before restoration (before B.E. 20050)

The general condition of the building is still in perfect condition according to the architectural structure. But there is a sloping and falling out of walking position at some point. There was a large tree root inserted between the rocks. causing gaps between the stones at several points And at some point, it has caused the rock to break down.

Above the base floor, it looks very inclined from the original line. The Fine Arts Department has therefore implemented a crutches structure to enhance stability.

Most of the upper part or the roof of the building collapsed. The original layout can be seen only at some points, in some locations, especially along the glass wall. that appeared traces of falling rocks that had been brought up and rearranged causing the shape to be deviated from the original.

Archaeological site

Schematic

The archaeological site of Prang Ku at Ban Nong Faek has a rectangular plan. facing east It consists of ancient sites in the area, including the main castle, viharn (bannalai), Gopura, Kamphaeng Kaew, and a pond.

President's Castle

The main castle is facing east. The plan is rectangular shape, size 7x8 meters. The base of the porch is 3x3.5 meters. It was arranged with laterite 3 tiers, about 90 centimeters high from the ground. In the center of the front base laterite was built with 3 steps, 1 meter wide.

Above the base floor is the elemental house. On the north and east, evidence remains of door frames and lintels, which are about 3 meters high from the base, are made of laterite 10 layers, while the south and west are less evidence.

The north, south, and west gates were built with laterite, covering the doorway until it was completely framed. It looks like a closed door (false door), sending the east door frame as the entrance to the chambers inside the castle.

The Garbhagarha room inside the relics of the castle It is a square room, size 2x2 meters. A study by the Fine Arts Department found no evidence of laterite construction as an interior area. It is assumed that the original interior space was probably built with laterite. But was disturbed by the illegal excavation of antiquities and demolishing the ground. The only evidence left is the compacted soil layer. Inside the porch room is a rectangular room measuring 1.2x1.5 meters, the floor is laid out with laterite.

wihan or library

The viharn has a rectangular plan measuring 5x8 meters, facing west. The base was made of laterite, 2 floors, about 60 centimeters high from the ground. The walls of the building were solid on 3 sides, about 2.5 meters high from the base floor, 6-10 layers of laterite. The north wall collapsed to the outside. The interior of the temple is divided into 2 rooms, the front porch room and the inner chamber. inside there is 1 sandstone sculpture base.

Gopur

Gopura or the entrance arch to the ancient site There is a plan in the form of a cross, size 8x12.5 meters. On the east side, which is the front, there is a 3x5 meter porch. The interior space is divided into 3 rooms:the middle room, the north room. and the south side room

The middle room has a cross-shaped plan, size 4.7x5.7 meters. The interior space is arranged with laterite. The center of the room is slightly to the north. There is 1 sculpture pedestal (in the original position) made of gray sandstone, size 63x63x50 centimeters. Above the center of the platform is carved square hole size 25x25 centimeters, 5 centimeters deep, and in the center is a small round hole with a diameter of 18 centimeters. 35 cm deep. On the north side of the pedestal is a trench protruding from the platform.

The north side room is 1.5x2.5 meters, the south side room is 1x2.5 meters. Both rooms are built laterite as the interior floor. As for the front porch that protrudes from the Gopura It is located on a laterite-structured base connected from the base of Gopura. The interior room measures 1x2.5 meters and is built laterite as an interior area.

wall of glass

Glass walls surround the ancient site. The plan is rectangular, size 24.5x36 meters, the north and south walls are 36 meters long, the west side is 24.5 meters long. The north is 5 meters long and the east side is 7 meters long.

The base of the glass wall is made of laterite 2 layers, the bottom layer is a smooth base. 15 centimeters high from the ground, the second floor is carved in the shape of a lotus flower, about 60 centimeters high, and the surface on the top of the chapiter is carved in a rectangular shape to support the top of the wall 1 layer, 60 centimeters high. about 2.45 meters from the ground, made of laterite 8-storey, on the east side, the south side Laterite was erected to form an entrance door with a width of 1 meter. The door frame was not found.

Pool

The pond is located outside the glass wall. About 3 meters from the corner of the glass wall on the northeast side, built with laterite, descending to the bottom of the pool in steps of 12-13 floors (12 floors north and south, 13 floors on the east and west) about 2.5 meters deep, at the edge of the pool. The top is 13.5x18.5 meters and the bottom pool is 6x8 meters.

Construction of ancient sites

The archaeological site of Prang Ku at Ban Nong Pa Fok uses laterite as the main material for construction. and has gray sandstone as a common component. by breeding in the door frame door frame pillar The lintel at the top of the president's castle and the part that is a sculpture stand

The construction of the foundation layer was arranged in a row of laterite 1 brick according to the position and line of the building at each point. On the compacted layer of sand and gravel that is compacted into a thick layer to support the foundations of the building. Then the stone was laid out and made up of stone to form a building. Characteristics of the construction and arrangement of the stone There are both the use of square sandstone on the surface and smooth sides. be stacked vertically and collide in a horizontal plane by using an alternating overlay style to be the transfer of weight from the upper floor to the lower floor And in some locations, it is found that the stone is arranged without overlapping, there is another technique for placing the stone assembling The stone contrast is the shoulder marks or spurs on the sides and top of the rock. In order to bring the stones to place them together and assemble them together to make them close together with the shoulder marks or spurs that are made into a stone that looks like making a shoulder or a dowel in the architectural style of woodwork.

Another characteristic that is found is the stone construction of the door frame set. Sandstone is decorated in the area where the stones must be stacked to form a slope of 45 degrees and smooth polished surfaces when the stones are laid together. The boundaries of the rocks are so close that no gaps are visible between the rocks, and in some places where the sandstone collides, a steel I-shaped (I) is used as a clamp between the rocks. by extracting the rock into a vapor-shaped groove Put the vapor-shaped steel into it and then pour the lead over it until it fills the vapor-shaped groove. It can be seen at the location of the lintel stone and the top of the main castle.

Carving patterns on ancient monuments found that there are only traces of carved patterns on the south and west glass walls. which decorated the stone in the shape of a lotus flower and a lotus facing up other areas There is no clear engraved pattern. whether the lintel door frame pillar or the building wall Even the often found architectural decorations, such as the Ban Taeng, that adorn the corners of the main castle spire, have not been found from excavation.

Antiques

Roofing Tiles

From excavation and excavation, both male and female banana sheathed roofing tiles were discovered. (Male banana leaf 20-25 cm long, 9-14 cm wide, female banana leaf 24-30 cm long, 15-19 cm wide), including eaves or facing tiles There is a pattern of four long lotus petals within a square frame.

I-shaped steel (I)

I-shaped steel (I) is used to help bond between rocks. By digging a groove into the 2 stones that are placed next to each other to form a I-shaped groove. Then the vapor-shaped steel is placed into the groove and poured lead over the steel until the groove is full. The vapor-shaped iron that is found often contains lead.

Religious idol sculpture

Important religious idol sculptures found from the work of the Fine Arts Department include:

1. Phra Suriya Vairojana or Moon Vairojana

Made of sandstone, height 36 centimeters, total height 60 centimeters, lap width 23 centimeters, engraved flat on the lotus base. square face He shielded his face and Kundala, both of his hands holding the torn medicine over the Nabhi. Bayon art form Age around the 18th Buddhist century, found in the area near the base of the main castle on the south side. The head was found in front of the temple. by placing on the base of the building Phra Suriya Vairojana and Chandra Vairojana are the retinues of Phra Phaisachayaguru, both of whom have similar sculptural characteristics. So it's unclear which one.

2. Phraphaisachayakuruvaidunyaprapha

Made of sandstone, height 42 cm., total height 70 cm., width 34 cm., seated cross-legged, flat above the lotus base. His head is broken, his face is square. He shielded his face and the gondola, his two hands supported the Vajra and the Nabhi bell. Bayon art form Found at the base of the main castle on the south side. The body and head were found about 30 cm apart.

3. Bodhisattva Vajrapani Garuda

Made of sandstone, height 43 cm., total height 62 cm., width 22 cm., wearing a crutches, a square Buddha image. My hair is a cylindrical bun. right hand holding vajra His left hand holds a cylindrical object. Bayon art form Found placed upright in the room in front of the temple. next to the wall of the south room The body and head are found separately.

4. His Majesty the King buffalo

Made of sandstone, height 45 cm., total height 66 cm. lap width 13 cm., wearing a crotch, rectangular face. The visor and the round goblet held a cylindrical object in both hands. Bayon art form found standing upright inside the room in front of the temple next to the south wall alongside Phra Vajrapani on the Garuda The upper body was broken into several pieces. The head is separated from the body.

5. Silver Buddha image in the attitude of subduing Mara

Silver Buddha image in subduing Mara posture แกนในเป็นผงว่านผสมยางไม้ ศิลปะลาว อายุราวพุทธศตวรรษที่ 23-24 พบบรรจุอยู่ในภาชนะดินเผาทรงหม้อ เนื้อดิน จำนวน 2 ใบ ใบที่ 1 จำนวน 20 องค์ ใบที่ 2 จำนวน 29 องค์ รวมทั้งสิ้น 49 องค์ ขนาดสูงตั้งแต่ 7-16 เซนติเมตร พบใกล้กับฐานกำแพงแก้วด้านทิศเหนือด้านใน ในระดับลึกลงไปจากพื้นใช้งานของโบราณสถานประมาณ 20 เซนติเมตร

            6. นางปรัชญาปารมิตา

            พบในภาชนะดินเผาร่วมกับพระพุทธรูปบุเงิน สูง 7.9 เซนติเมตร สภาพชำรุด ส่วนพระวรกายและส่วนพระบาทแยกออกจากกัน พระกรทั้ง 2 ข้างหักหายไป สวมกระบัวหน้า นุ่งผ้าจีบเป็นริ้ว ชักชายผ้าพับม้วนคลี่ออกทางด้านหน้า รูปแบบศิลปะบายน

แท่นบรรจุวัตถุมงคล

ทำจากหินทรายสีเทา พบด้านทิศตะวันออกของปราสาทประธาน 3 ชิ้น ลักษณะทรงลูกลาศก์ ขนาดประมาณ 17x17x17 เซนติเมตร ด้านบนตรงกลางเป็นหลุมสี่เหลี่ยมจัตุรัส ขนาด 6x6 เซนติเมตร ลึก 4-5 เซนติเมตร บริเวณขอบนอกด้านบนโดยรอบเจาะเป็นหลุมสี่เหลี่ยม 16 หลุม ขนาด 0.5x0.5 เซนติเมตร ลึก 0.5 เซนติเมตร

แท่งหินบดและแท่นหินบด

แท่งหินบดและแท่นหินบดทำจากหินทราย

ภาชนะดินเผา

พบทั้งภาชนะดินเผาเนื้อดินและเนื้อแกร่ง สภาพสมบูรณ์และเป็นชิ้นส่วน ภาชนะดินเผาเนื้อแกร่งส่วนใหญ่เป็นเครื่องถ้วยเขมรกลุ่มเตาบ้านกรวด จ.บุรีรัมย์ อายุราวพุทธศตวรรษที่ 18 เช่น ไหทรงเท้าช้าง กระปุก ชาม อ่าง ไห

สังข์ดินเผา

ขนาดยาง 12 เซนติเมตร พบภายในห้องมุขของปราสาทประธาน สันนิษฐานว่าสร้างขึ้ยในสมัยบายน

กระดิ่งทองเหลือง

พบจำนวน 2 ใบ พบวางอยู่คู่กันบนฐานด้านทิศตะวันตกของปราสาทประธาน ใบที่ 1 ขนาดสูง 11 เซนติเมตร เส้นผ่าศูนย์กลางปาก 7.2 เซนติเมตร ใบที่ 2 ขนาดสูง 12 เซนติเมตร เส้นผ่าศูนย์กลางปาก 7.7 เซนติเมตร สันนิษฐานว่าเป็นรูปแบบศิลปะลาว อายุราวพุทธศตวรรษที่ 23-24

ลำดับอายุสมัย

มีการเริ่มใช้พื้นที่ปรางค์กู่บ้านหนองแฝกมาตั้งแต่พุทธศตวรรษที่ 18 ปรากฏหลักฐานการอยู่อาศัยและศาสนสถาน คือปรางค์กู่ ซึ่งเป็นศาสนสถานประจำโรงพยาบาลหรืออโรคยาศาล ภายใต้พระบารมีของพระโพธิสัตว์ผู้ทรงการแพทย์ในคติความเชื่อของพุทธศาสนมหายาน ในสมัยพระเจ้าชัยวรมันที่ 7 หรือสมัยบายน

ราวพุทธศตวรรษที่ 19 ศาสนสถานแห่งนี้ถูกทิ้งร้างไป จนราวพุทธศตวรรษที่ 23-24 หรือราวสมัยอยุธยาตอนปลาย ชุมชนในวัฒนธรรมลาวจึงเข้ามาอยู่อาศัยและพัฒนาพื้นที่เป็นวัดสืบมาจนถึงปัจจุบัน