Nakhon Phanom

Terrain

General Condition

It is located in the area where 3 major rivers converge, namely the Mekong River, Nam Kam River and the Xe Bang Fai River. The geography is suitable for agriculture.

Waterway

Mekong River, Kam River, Xe Bang Fai River

Geological conditions

It is generally a stratum. or sediment of a set rock or sedimentary rocks that accumulate in the cenozoic era It is divided into the condition of the old waterfront ridge and the floodplain to the state of the river crossing. which has a higher area than the flood plains Soil origin objects are formed by water swept over the old and new deposits. The sediment characteristics are sandy soil, dry sandy soil, silty clay loam. and general deposition clay In the south of the province, the area where the archaeological site is located is a floodplain alternating with mounds of soil or rock.

Archaeological Era

era/culture

Archaeological age

Mythological age

Types of archaeological sites

archaeological essence

Nakhon Phanom Province It is located in the area where 3 large rivers converge, namely the Mekong River, flowing north and south. Passing east of Nakhon Phanom The Kam River flows from Nong Han, Sakon Nakhon and Sae Bang Fai River. It originated from the mountain range between Laos and Vietnam to the Mekong River. This area therefore has important transportation routes that facilitate the movement of the prehistoric community from Nong Han through Amphoe Na Kae, Amphoe That Phanom, as evidenced by the development of the ancient community during the 12th-13th Buddhist century, evidence was found in the Dvaravati culture in the second area. the other side of the Kam River The community in this area appeared in the legend of the orangha relics. that it is part of "Sri Kotbun", which has the following mythological scope:

“From the three rubber trees, one of the three (the left bank of the Mekong River) to Phu Thok, hammered into Phu Khiao. (Mukdahan Province and Kalasin Province) Liao Sai Phu Pha Med (Sakon Nakhon Province) hook into Wang Long Wong put on the Wang Maeng Ka Bua (Phi Sor) Lee choose to put on the palm net, Phan Sai Kuan Tuan (round towards the Laos side), bend over to stir it up. left to stir Tattoo on Tahan Palace..."

Therefore, according to the Oranggathat legend, Sri Kottabun is a prosperous region on the banks of the Mekong River. From Nong Khai Province down to Ubon Ratchathani Province Khotboon was the first capital city on the left bank of the Mekong River. Assumed that this is the real city of Kham. in the Lao People's Democratic Republic near the Se Bang Fai River which flows out of the Mekong River opposite Phra That Phanom (Committee, 2001:49) Important ancient sites of Nakhon Phanom. including Phra That Phanom according to legend that mentions the history of Phra That Phanom various renovations from Lao rulers making them aware of the history of the Nakhon Phanom area as well Nakhon Phanom area It is part of the Sri Kottabun region. which is important since the beginning of history continued until the Rattanakosin period

Phra That Phanom was built according to the Orangkathat legend since the 8th B.E. The evidence found indicates that the two bases of Phra That Phanom are the oldest of the Phra That Phanom. which has been adapted from religious places in Hinduism It is a Buddhist place during the Dvaravati culture. Around the 12th-14th Buddhist century and was extended on the top during the 23rd Buddhist century, influenced by the style of Pha That Luang in Vientiane. After that, there has been a continuous renovation until Phra That Phanom fell in 1975. It was renovated until it was completed in 1979.

Evidence is also found in Dvaravati culture. at the community around Nakhon Phanom and surrounding areas such as Ban Lak Sila It is on the Mekong River, about 8 meters north of Phra That Phanom. The earliest evidence is a sandstone parapet. In the middle is carved a picture of a pot in the Dvaravati period. and a volatile inscription directed on top and found Bai Sema at Ban Prong, Ban Thu, south of Phra That Phanom. A number of parapets are carved into the shape of a stupa like those found in the Mulchi River basin. In addition, the Buddha's foot was found at Phra That Phanom area. Similar to what is said in the Orangka Elemental myth. called Phra Phutthabat Wen Pla on a rock in the middle of the Mekong River It is classified as a footprint of the Buddha during the Dvaravati period (Manit Walliphodom and others 1975 :121)

Evidence from foreigners' records Mention the communities surrounding Phra That Phanom that correspond to the Ayutthaya period. that there are more than a hundred houses There is a market for trading slaves, selling buffaloes, Phra Phithak Chedi is the head. Up to the lord of the drama Luang Phusarat Permanent Secretary with the governor of Bang Muk Which is a Siamese nobleman directly to the province of Udon The surrounding villages that are responsible for the maintenance of Phra That Phanom are Nong Ping Village, Dong Phu Village, Pak Kham Village, and Hua Don Village. There are about 2000 people in charge of maintaining the Wihan of Wat Phra That Phanom, doing their duties according to the royal command of the Siamese King Sommai Premchit. 1996) In addition to the evidence of the community around Phra That Phanom Around Phra That Phanom, there is also an excavation site. or tunnel furnace The form is a hooded stove with a rounded chimney shape. Distributed along the banks of the Songkhram River, passing Ban Na Thom, Amphoe Na Thom. up until almost reaching Huai Sang estuary in the district of Sega Nong Khai Province The total distance is over 100 meters. The containers produced by many are tough clay vessels with gray skin, dark skin, uncoated and brown glazed, etc. (Committee 2001 :51).

The importance of Nakhon Phanom became more apparent when the capital city of Sikhotbun was relocated to the right bank of the Mekong River. in the territory of Thailand which at that time changed the name of the city from Sri Kottabun to the city of Marukkha Nakhon That is to say, it was originally understood to be the capital of Sri Kottabun Province. In 1738, during the reign of King Rama (Ewa Kan), the former capital city of Sri Kottabun was moved to the left bank of the Mekong River opposite Phra That Phanom. to the south in the area where Phra That Si Kotbong is enshrined (Phra That Old Town, Thakhek, Lao PDR) and changed its name to the city of Marukkha Nakhon, which later after the King's death (Wa Kan) had turbulent events. There was an army from Champasak, led by Thao Kukaew. Together with the Vietnamese army, they attacked Marukkha Nakorn until they were defeated. people of mruakkha nakhon led by Phranakornnurak So they migrated across the Mekong to the right and settled in Dong Seka. The contact area between Nakhon Phanom Province and Nong Khai Province Nakhon Phanom had a role as an army base when the army from Vientiane came to help. Phraya Chiangsa led his troops to settle at Ban Nong Chan. (Old town under Nakhon Phanom) at Ban That Noi Sibunruang Rim Huai Bang Huak (Located in That Phanom District) This time, Phraya Chiang's husband triumphantly defeated many Vietnamese people. by the body floating stuck in the middle of the Mekong River Therefore, it is called as a memorial that Kaew Kong Beach. After that, Phra Nakaranurak went to a new city near Vientiane. As for Thao Ku Kaew, the King is the ruler of Marukkha Nakhon. They moved across to Ban That Noi Sribunruang, at the mouth of Huai Bang Huak. and built Wat Marukkha Nakhon It is a large temple that has been very prosperous in the past (Committee 2001:53) located at Ban Don Nang Hong Tha. Tambon Don Nang Hong, Amphoe That Phanom, was later abandoned. The remains of the temple were found at the Don Nang Hongsongkroh School opposite the current temple location. The base of the temple is a rectangular shape made of bricks. As for the temple at present, a square-shaped relic similar to Phra That Phanom was built in 1993 on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of His Majesty the King's accession to the throne.

In addition to Sikhotbun Province The legend also mentions other regions that were in the beginning of the legend in the Nakhon Phanom area, namely Nong Han Luang. in the area of ​​Nong Han Sakon Nakhon It is in the right bank of the Mekong River Basin. There is Phra That Choeng Chum built to wear the Buddha's footprint. and Phra That Nai Cheng Weng, which contains the Buddha's Mars. Next to the northwest is Nong Han Noi Province. is the area of ​​Nong Han Kumphawapi It is located in the northern plains of the Chi River. Later, Nong Han Luang and Nong Han Noi flooded. People migrate to new settlements in Nong Khan Thae area along the Mekong River in Nong Khai and Vientiane provinces. Later, this locality grew into Vientiane and was still under Sikhotbun. until Marukkha, the capital city of Sri Kottabun, disintegrated. Vientiane became an important city instead (Srisak Wanliphodom 1975 :112-113)

In 1778, the governor of Marukkha Nakhon pledged allegiance to the King of Thonburi. Later in the reign of Phra Phuttha Yodfa Chulalok the Great to change the name from Marukkha Nakhon was the city of Nakhon Phanom in the year 1788.