Industrial Revolution Has created a new society, such as the development of technology and the relationship between capitalists and workers.
The Industrial Revolution that started in England Will gradually change the world significantly.
What are the necessary elements for the Industrial Revolution?
The " elements necessary for the Industrial Revolution from the progress of the British Industrial Revolution Will be visible.
Let's see why the Industrial Revolution was created.
Agricultural Revolution and Trade
Prior to the British Industrial Revolution, it traded in the traditional woolen industry and had a lot of capital. There, attention was focused on cotton fabrics made in India, and the demand for cotton fabrics, which are light and easy to dye, has increased . ..
Britain, who wanted to make its own cotton fabric, decided to invest in the production of cotton fabric using the abundant funds accumulated in the woolen industry. At that time, it is said that people from various occupations raised funds through debt and entered the cotton fabric industry.
Expansion of overseas markets
France / Spain / Netherlands We were able to win the colonial war with and secure overseas markets. We cultivated raw materials for making cotton products such as cotton, and actively traded as an export destination for cotton products.
Increase in wage workers due to the agricultural revolution
The second enclosure, which combines several farmlands into one, has led to the spread of efficient four-field ring-planting farming. Along with that, many people turned into wage workers, and we were able to secure a “labor force”.
The revolution that supported the cotton fabric industry
Technological Revolution
In order to keep the quality constant and make it cheap, it needs to be mass-produced. "Spinning Mule" developed by John Kay is "Jenny Spinning Machine", "Hydropower Spinning Machine", "Mule Spinning Machine" From "power loom" And urged the invention of the spinning department.
Power Revolution
" Steam engine " that drives the machine with the heat of burning things "Can use power more efficiently than human power. A steam engine was developed and all steam engines were improved.
Transportation Revolution
Watt's improved steam engine led to the development of steamships and steam locomotives. Steamships and steam locomotives can carry people and goods efficiently, and trade has become more efficient.
Impact of the "Factory of the World" in the United Kingdom on the world
"Factory of the World" Raw materials were imported, processed and exported from all over the world to England. Belgian Industrial Revolution, French Industrial Revolution, German Industrial Revolution, American Industrial Revolution, Russian Industrial Revolution to counter such Britain And it led to the Industrial Revolution in Japan.
Japanese Industrial Revolution
Before and after the Sino-Japanese War, the light industry silk reeling and spinning industry Industrial Revolution Happened.
Cotton products imported from the United Kingdom can now be produced in Japan and exported to China and Korea. Raw silk produced in the silk industry is successfully exported to the United States to obtain foreign currency.
We have succeeded in reducing costs by importing cheap cotton from China and India, and the export volume of light industrial products has increased, so Japanese industry will develop significantly.
Since it can be installed with a small amount of capital, the widely used " Tatchi Gaun spinning machine " Was invented, and it became possible to produce efficiently. However, as the industry developed, "pollution" began to occur, and the " Ashio Copper Mine Poisoning Incident "Has occurred, and agriculture has been damaged.
" Yahata Steel Works " built with compensation for the Sino-Japanese War The heavy industry of steel, electric appliances, and shipbuilding has greatly developed.
The major issue of the Industrial Revolution "labor problem"
Workers who have supported the development of the industry " low wages and long working hours Became a social problem, and workers began to form "unions" and start "labor movements." As capitalism develops in this way, among workers, " socialism " The idea of "was spreading.
Does it mean that the black company problem has become a social problem in this era as well?
Rural society goes to overseas markets
In rural areas, " peasants " who gave up farmland due to widening disparities. "Was increasing.
The rural society still had a feudal landowner / copyhold system, and the domestic market did not grow sufficiently. Therefore, "resources" and "markets" overseas " Imperialism I will turn to.