January 1874 Seikanron Itagaki Taisuke, Goto Shojiro, Eto Shinpei Will submit a white paper.
[White Paper on the Establishment of the People's Assembly]
Tyranny of government bureaucrats Severely criticized [ Kogi Seitai wo Zhangru When the white paper that insisted on the establishment of the People's Assembly was published in the newspaper, it was a sensation. This white paper was the beginning of the Freedom and People's Rights Movement. 】is.
With this white paper as an opportunity, the trend of opening a free civil rights and parliament April 1874 Itagaki Taisuke Risshisha [ Risshisha ] Is formed, political companies with the same idea will be organized in various places.
In order to further increase the Freedom and People's Rights Movement in each region, itagaki's Risshisha called for patriotism as a national political association. company To create. At the same time, newspapers and magazines discussing the theory of free civil rights were published one after another, which helped to invigorate the Freedom and People's Rights Movement.
The government was exhausted by the rebellion of the samurai and the rebellion of the farmers in response to the intensification of such a movement. Takes a prudent measure. 1875 Toshimichi Okubo was appointed Lord of Home Affairs Kido Takayoshi against Taiwanese troops And Itagaki Taisuke Tripartite Has been realized. [ Osaka Conference ]
At this time, based on Kido's opinion, temporarily promote the opening of the Diet Policy It was decided in.
As a result, Kido and Itagaki returned to Sangi, and in the same year, " Apologize for the establishment of a gradual constitutional government . Will be announced.
However, the new government will take steps to crack down.
Apocalypse of the constitutional government Two months after its publication, civil rights activists enacted a law to crack down on criticizing and attacking the government in newspapers and magazines Did. This government response and the Okubo dictatorship continued . Therefore, Itagaki / Kido Will leave the government again.
On the other hand, Risshisha, which was the center of the civil rights movement, tried to submit to the emperor a written opinion (Rissisha Kenpaku) requesting the establishment of a parliament in 1877 in the midst of the Satsuma Rebellion, but the government rejected it.
As a result, the exercise gradually declines.
The beginning of a new civil rights movement
The downturned civil rights movement is re-energized I will do it.
1878 , Risshisha plays a central role in reviving Aikokusha, which had been in a state of dissolution To do.
As a result, the civil rights movement will become more active nationwide.
This rise in the civil rights movement had a different aspect from previous movements.
The civil rights movement, which began with the submission of a white paper, has evolved into a samurai movement . However, in the movement after the downfall, Australian farmers and merchants became more active . I went. With the participation of these layers, a national movement centered on landowners and farmers seeking land tax reduction from the center of the samurai, and those seeking the development of free commerce and industry have become.
Similarly, while the rebellion of the samurai, which was derived from the controversy over Korea, was completed only within the samurai, the Freedom and People's Rights Movement expanded significantly by joining with the people who opposed government policies such as land tax reform. ..
This new Freedom and People's Rights Movement is the League for the Establishment of the Parliament in 1880, the formation of the Liberal Party in 1881, and the Chichibu Incident in 1884 . After several points such as, until the 1890s, it became a big political trend while having various factors.