In the world, there are various agreements and alliances between countries.
Seven developed countries, including international organizations such as the United Nations, gather and discuss [ G7 (Group of Seven)] And international gatherings such as G20 and [ NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) ] And [ TPP (Trans-Pacific Partnership) ] There is also a framework for security and trade.
The nations of the world operate their nations with the highest priority of enriching their nations by revitalizing their economies while creating such a framework and protecting their own security.
However, in some situations it often has a major impact on the world's balance of power.
[ ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) ] Then, countries with different religions, ethnic groups, and political systems will have a strong presence in the region, but multilateral talks and strengthening of alliances may pose a threat to neighboring countries.
In an easy-to-understand manner, as a result of NATO's continued expansion to the east while adding Eastern European countries to its member countries one after another after the Cold War, Russia became wary and is said to be the cause of today's invasion of Ukraine.
So, this time, I would like to write about what kind of agreements and alliances the world has made and what kind of influence they have had in the midst of such a big flow of international affairs.
Failure to build an international order leads to World War II
World War I, which lasted from 1914 to 1818, devastated European nations.
The League of Nations was born to never repeat such a war. was.
However, the United States of America decided not to participate, and Japan, Germany, and Italy, which were permanent members, withdrew, and the League of Nations became dysfunctional.
Inflation will continue in Germany as the Treaty of Versailles, which was signed after World War I, imposed a huge amount of compensation on the defeated Germany. At this time, the Great Depression broke out just before I thought that the economy had recovered.
The Great Depression caused the economy to deteriorate again in Germany, allowing the rise of the Nazis to break the Versailles regime.
The Great Depression has plunged countries into a serious trade slump.
Britain, France and the United States say they will bundle countries under their influence, such as the former colonies, into blocks, which will lower tariffs and promote trade, while imposing high tariffs outside the blocks. I started to take protectionist policies.
It was Japan / Germany / Italy that was repelled by the block that was in trouble in this block economy. was.
The policies of these three countries were unavoidable as an option of military invasion.
In this way, the international community after World War I failed to build an international order, but it was not in line.
This failure was the trigger for World War II.
The United Nations initiative comes out during World War II
The United Nations concept was drawn during World War II, centered on the United States and Great Britain.
Among them, [territorial non-expansion] and [self-determination] The Atlantic Charter, which stipulates the policy of the post-war concept such as, was announced, and the other Allied countries agreed with it, and the Allied Joint Declaration was issued.
This leads to the establishment of the United Nations after the war.
The United Nations was fully established after World War II, but soon stopped functioning.
The reason was that the conflict between the US and Soviet Union, which is a permanent member of the Security Council, became fierce, and the Cold War era came.
Various frameworks will be constructed during the Cold War
1949 as an alliance created during the Cold War In the military alliance between the United States and Western European countries [ NATO ] Was formed.
NATO says that if one of the member states is attacked by force, it will be regarded as an attack on all member states and will be dealt with. Collective Security Alliance was.
In addition, the Western countries are ANZUS [ Pacific Security Treaty ] in the United States and Oceania. ], The United States and Southeast Asian countries SEATO [ Southeast Asia Treaty Organization ] To build a siege network for eastern countries.
On the other hand, the eastern countries also WTO [Warsaw Pact] established in 1955 by the Soviet Union and Eastern European countries. Was formed. In terms of economy, the Soviet Union and Eastern European countries formed COMECON, and the Western countries also established EC in 1967 through EEC.
1955 The Bandung Conference was held by independent emerging nations after the war, and there was a move toward the third way. However, many countries were within the framework of the Cold War.
This Cold War structure was tense as the East and West forces antagonized, but it also had a sense of stability.
It can be said that the current chaos of the world is largely due to the failure to build a new international order that will change during the Cold War.
The world could not be united even after the end of the Cold War
When the Cold War ended in 1989, [ this will unite the world ], But when it was over, it wasn't.
East and West Germany were unified, 1993 EU (European Union) for the purpose of integrating the whole of Europe Was launched.
During the 1990 Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, the UN Security Council immediately issued a condemnation vote against Iraq.
The Security Council resolution will not be adopted if even one of the permanent members of the Security Council invokes the veto right. It seems that the time has come for major countries to come together to solve various international problems.
However, this situation did not last long, 2001 . American terrorist attacks When the war on terrorism occurs, the United States [strong> war on terrorism 】 Declared and Iraq War in 2003 without adoption by the United Nations let's start doing ....
Thus, the United Nations became dysfunctional again.
On the other hand, G7 (Group of Seven) Will be G8 with Russia, but 2014 Due to the annexation of Russia's Crimea, the qualification was suspended, and it became the framework of the G7 again. However, this framework has also diminished its influence in recent years due to the rise of China.
Therefore, some critics call it G0, which has no country to take the initiative in the world.
Under such circumstances, in the United States, President Trump was elected and the destination of the world became more and more chaotic.
The international order begins to fluctuate with the birth of the Trump administration
The birth of the Trump administration has begun to malfunction the existing global framework.
The factor is President Trump's America First It was the way of thinking.
After declaring withdrawal from the COP's Paris Agreement adopted to prevent global warming, it began to impose high tariffs on imported products and started protectionism.
These policies are the opposite of traditional Western policies.
As a result, America's sense of isolation became clearer at the 2018 Summit.
Furthermore, at the NATO conference, [ not only the United States, but other countries should bear the appropriate defense spending . ], And the result is that the gap with the United States and Europe is further deepened.
But European countries were not monolithic either.
In Britain, when it is decided to withdraw from the EU, the future is becoming uncertain, with political parties critical of the EU taking power in Italy.
On the other hand, in the Asia-Pacific region, Trump's declaration of withdrawal from the TPP has crushed the idea of creating a major free economic zone of about 30% of the world. This is because Trump emphasized bilateral talks, which make it easier to pass on his own claims against the background of his power as a great power, rather than multilateral talks such as the TPP.
Therefore, we are currently building a new agreement without the United States, which has been signed by Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore and Vietnam as a comprehensive and advanced agreement on the Pacific Rim Partnership. rice field.