History of Europe

Hispano-Visigoth law

Before the promulgation of his Code by Eurico, the legal norms of the Visigoths were for the most part customary. It seems that there was a previous codification, the laws of Teodoredo, referring to the distribution of land and little else.

The Code of Euric, promulgated in the year 475, is a codification of German customs and the few previous written laws . It responds to the need created by the rupture with the Western Empire, a year before its disappearance; a new kingdom needed a codification of its laws. It is a book of laws applicable only to the Visigoth people. Alaric II's problems with the Franks (Clovis) prompted him to draft a code of laws to attract the Gallo-Romans. It is the Code of Alaric or Breviary of Aniano, promulgated in the year 506, shortly before the defeat suffered in Vouillé. It is the lex Romana wisigothorum that compiles the peculiar legislation of the Roman provincials. Collect the laws of the Byzantine emperor Theodosius II and some later legal texts.

The third code is the Codex Revisus of Leovigild (circa 575) . Revise Eurico's, removing the obsolete laws and adding some new ones. It is still a code for the Visigoth people. We do not know it directly because no manuscript has been preserved, but there is mention of its laws in the one from Recceswinto. The most important legislator was Recceswinto who in the year 654 promulgated the Líber Judiciorum or Lex Wisigothorum . It is already a unique code for Goths and Hispano-Romans; It must be taken into account that at this time religious unification has already taken place (589), and also ethnic fusion, which has made the words gothi disappear. and romani , now replaced by hispani . The king, when promulgating it, ordered that it be the only corpus law that could be used by judges and courts, who could also only apply it strictly, without interpreting it. Ervigio revised this Recesvinto code, dividing it into 12 titled books, with 2 to 7 chapters per book and about 31 laws per chapter. The new Liber it entered into force on October 21, 681, coinciding with the first anniversary of the royal anointing of the monarch. To this Liber of Ervigio the subsequent laws of Egica and Witiza were added.


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