Neanderthal man (Homo neanderthalensis) is an extinct species of the genus Homo that inhabited Europe and parts of western Asia from 230,000 to 28,000 years ago.
The discovery, in 1856, was made by Johann Karl Fuhlrott , inside a cave in the Neanderthal Valley near Düsseldorf. Following the discovery, Johann was able to contact several experts in the field to give their opinion on this discovery. There were many versions, including that they were the bones of a Cossack of Mongolian origin, but the most "curious" report was that of an imminent German pathologist, Rudolf Virchow :
The individual in question suffered from a certain degree of rickets in his childhood. He subsequently went through a long period of good health […] interrupted by a series of serious head injuries, […] which resolved spontaneously until, towards the end of his life, […] he suffered from severe arthritis.
In short, he was born, grew up and, at the end of his days, died. A great scientist and conscientious work.
Source:The Errors of History – Roger Rössing