By the 1920s, a third political force had emerged:communism. The K.K.E, the acronym by which the Communist Party was known, never managed to secure mass support during the interwar period, but it was the best organized and most disciplined party. It was perhaps for this very reason that he was never popular, but it was certainly for this reason that he became the target of the security services of the dictatorial state. When the war broke out, the Communist party was almost reduced to nothing by the care of Metaxas. But, in doing so, he had pushed him into hiding and made him acquire experience in this field which would enable him to take an important place in the resistance to the Hitler-fascist occupiers.
One of the most important points in Greek history during the Second World War is that the Communists saw in the Resistance, first and foremost, a means of power. As early as 1929, the central committee of the K.K.E. had decided that one of the main tasks of the party would be “to transform the imperialist war into a civil war which would allow the establishment of a workers’ and peasants’ government”. The Communists saw things this way from the start, but the others took infinitely longer to understand the objective pursued by them.
Various Resistance groups were formed in the autumn of 1941 , after the first shock caused by the German occupation had passed. Having learned from pre-war experience that pure Communism did not appeal to Greeks, the Communists organized their own National Liberation Front (E.A.M.), as they called it, presenting it as a movement of union bringing together half a dozen leftist groups. The E.A.M. was led by Anis Veloukhiotis, a cold, tough little man who had fought in the Spanish Civil War, and by George Siantos, a laborer who defeated the Communists in 1920.
In April 1942, the 'E.A.M. announced his decision to organize partisan units, and the People's Liberation Army (E.L.A.S.) was born. A month or two later, another large Resistance group, known as E.D.E.S., was organized under the auspices of the Greek National Republican League. It was headed by Colonel Napoleon Zervas, a well-known republican who later joined the monarchy. There were other Resistance groups besides E.L.A.S. and the E.D.E.S., but none of them showed a tendency towards monarchy.
The term emperor comes from the Latin word imperator, an honorary title given to victorious generals during the Roman Republic. The first Roman emperor was Octavian, the nephew and adopted son of Julius Caesar. In 27 BC, he received the title of Augustus, which means the divine, and that of princeps