In May 1945, an agreement was reached between Bhulabhai Desai, leader of the Congress in the Central Legislative Assembly, and Liaquat Ali, the leader of the Muslim League, to form a provisional government at the Centre. It was decided that 40 percent of the posts in this government would be for the Congress, 40 percent for the League and the remaining 20 percent for other factions.
This proposal was placed before Lord Wavell. He went to London to consult the British Government. After long deliberations, the British government gave its approval to this agreement at the end of May. On 14 June 1945, India's Secretary L. s. Emery announced a new policy with respect to India in the House of Commons. He said that the British government was ready to establish a government of Congress and Muslim League in India.
On 25 June 1945, Lord Wavell organized a conference in Shimla. According to the Viceroy's declaration, it includes the presidents of the Congress and the Muslim League, representatives of the enumerated castes and Sikhs, the leaders of the Congress Party and the Muslim League in the Central Legislative Assembly, the leaders of the Congress Party and the Muslim League in the Central Council of States, the Nationalist Party in the Legislative Assembly and The leaders of the European Group and the chief ministers of the provincial governments of that time were invited.
In the conference there was a dispute between the Congress and the Muslim League regarding the formation of the Viceroy's Executive. Wavell proposed an executive council of 14 members, which stated that 5 names would be given by the Congress, 5 by the Muslim League and 4 by the Viceroy. Congress named Azad, Nehru, Patel, a Parsi and an Indian Christian. Wavell named a Sikh, two enumerated castes and Khizir Hayat, the Chief Minister of Punjab.
Jinnah objected to the name given by Congress to Maulana Abul Kalam Azad. He said that any Muslim member in the council could only be from the Muslim League. Congress should give some other name instead of Maulana. There was so much tussle over this issue that the conference failed.
This stubbornness of the Muslim League was shocking to the whole country. Because at this time in the North-West Frontier Province, Punjab and Sindh, despite the majority of the Muslim population, Muslim League governments could not be formed there. There was a Congress government in the North-West Frontier Province. Unionist Party leader Khizir Hayat Khan was the Chief Minister in Punjab. Sir Ghulam Hussain had a Congress supported government in Sindh. This was the condition of Assam.
There was governor's rule in Bengal. In such a situation how could the Muslim League claim that the Muslim League represents the Muslims of the whole of India. Jinnah's attitude was also surprising because if Jinnah had accepted the formation of this council, then the number of Muslims in this council of 14 members would have been 7 i.e. 50 percent, which would have been twice the proportion of the Muslim population of India. Had this government been formed, Jinnah and Muslims would have been in profit but Jinnah would be 'benefit' No 'Pakistan ' Should have.
The difference of Jinnah and Gandhiji lasted only on one point. Jinnah used to say that the Muslim League was the only organization that could represent the Muslims while Gandhi said that the Congress represented both Hindus and Muslims. Due to this dispute only, no agreement could ever be reached between the Congress and the Muslim League, even if it did, it was soon dissolved at this point. The same thing was repeated in the Simla Conference also. After the failure of the Simla Conference, Lord Wavell was considered a failure in Indian politics.
On 21 November 1945, Jinnah, in a speech in Peshawar, gave an explanation regarding the Muslim League not allowing the formation of a provisional government of Indian representatives and said- 'A good army operator ordered to attack by that time. unless he believes in victory, or he must believe in honorable defeat.' …… Jinnah used to call the suggestion to remain a state in India as a suggestion of the enslavement of the Muslims.
Wave of communal riots in India
When the Cripps Mission failed, the Rajagopalachari formula was blown out, the Provisional Government of the Indians could not be formed and the demand for Pakistan could not advance an inch, the Muslim League turned to violence. The year 1946 started with communal riots and by the end of the year the whole country became riotous. The riots started from Aligarh and took its huge form in Bengal, Bihar and Punjab.
In January 1946, elections were held for the provincial assemblies in the country, after which the Muslim League formed the government in Sindh and Bengal. After this the work of extermination of Hindus started in both these provinces. The Hindus in these provinces had only three options, either to accept Islam or die or leave the province and run away.
There was no help from the central government, due to this the work of conversion of Hindus, killing them for not accepting Islam, raping their women and looting their property was going on under the rule of Bengal Prime Minister Suhrawardy. Jinnah and Suhrawardy remained silent to these heinous killings. Due to this helpless Hindus fled to the provinces like Bihar etc. It was natural for Hindus to react to this, so Hindu Rashtra Sena was formed in Maharashtra with the inspiration of Hindu Mahasabha and Ram Sena and Bajrang Sena etc. were also established in Maharashtra itself.