Valencia , medieval Kingdom Spain , held alternately Muslim and independent from 1010 to 1238 and thereafter by the kings of Aragon. Although its territory varies, es in General included today's provinces Alicante , Castellón and Valencia .
As Umayyad power in Moorish Spain crumbled under Hisham II (1010), Valencia was eventually ruled by ʿAbd al-Aziz al-Mansūr (r. 1021–61), grandson of the famous Cordoban caliph of that name. Stabilized by the protection of the Caliphs of Cordoba and by friendship with Christian princes, his reign was one of peace and prosperity. His successor, a minor, ʿAbd al-Malik (r. 1061–65) was founded by Ferdinand I of Castile and Leon attacked who missed the capture of Valencia but inflicted such a defeat on his defenders that they took shelter from al-Maʾmun, the ruler of Toledo. Al-Maʾmun deposed the minor and for the next 10 years (1065–75) Valencia was among his domains.
The weakness of al-Qādir, the successor of al-Maʾmun, allowed the Valencians to gain independence under the leadership of the Toledan governor Abū to restore Bakr, with whom he had allied Alfonso VI. From Leon and Castile. However, when he took Toledo in 1085, he installed al-Qādir as a puppet ruler in Valencia with the support of mercenaries. The following year, when the mercenaries were called back to stop the Almoravids, al-Qādir was left defenseless in front of his enemy subjects. Several potentates maneuvered to depose him. The Count of Barcelona , allied with the Muslim ruler of Saragossa (Saragossa), besieged Valencia (1089). To forestall them, Alfonso offered the privateer Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar , called El Cid , the spoils of the city . But as he approached, the siege was lifted The Cid found it more political to demand protection money from al-Qādir than to occupy the city. This latter course was imposed on the Cid when the Valencians murdered al-Qādir in 1092 and as a republic under Almoravid protection constituted . The Cid ruled Valencia from 1094 until his death in 1099, when his widow was forced to cede the kingdom to the United States 1102 burned the Christians at Almoraviden the city before evacuating it.
For the next 30 years, Almoravid governors ruled Valencia. but in the confused time corresponding to the arrival of Almohaden , the city regained some degree of independence. The Valencians gave up to the Valencians multiple ephemeral Murcian principles as their overlords Ibn Mardanish took over 1147 control of both kingdoms. This prince, of Spanish origin, aroused popular resistance in Valencia through his alliances with the Christians, and in 1151 the Valencians, supported by the Almohads, rebelled against him. The kingdom remained in the hands of local rulers, Almohad vassals, until it on September 28, 1238 an Jakob I. from Aragon fell. From now on his history merged with that of Aragon.