Non Hin Kliang Cave 1

Terrain

General Condition

Tham Non Hin Kliang 1 is in the group of Tham Non Hin Kliang archaeological sites. It is located in a flat area at the foothills of the northern part of Phu Phra Bat. The group of Tham Non Hin Kliang is a group of 3 color painting sources, namely Tham Non Hin Kliang 1 Tham Non Hin Kliang 2 and Tham Sung The surrounding area of ​​the stone shed is a natural stone courtyard that slopes to the north. And there is a small stream sandwiched between Tham Non Hin Kliang 1 and Tham Non Hin Kliang 2

The condition of the source is a large rock shed overlaid with two smaller stones, the top stone is 8 meters wide, 12 meters long, 2 meters high from the ground, looks like a stone shed that extends to the east by about 2 meters. The rocks below are similar in size. The first boulder is located in the middle of the stone shed and is 1.7 m long, 0.5 m high, and the other is attached to the first boulder, 1.5 m long, 0.5 m high. There are patterns of paintings appearing on the ceiling and walls of the stone shed ( Pitakchai Jatuchai 2010 :14)

Phu Phra Bat is a small sandstone mountain. A child in the Phu Phan mountain range or Phu Phan Kham. The average height above sea level is about 320-350 meters. The west of the mountain is steep. and cant descend to the east.

Phu Phan or Phu Phan Kham is a sandstone mountain range that lies in the north-south direction. in the west of Udon Thani Province and Sakon Nakhon Basin

The general condition of Phu Phra Bat is sparse forest. There are natural vegetation types such as hardwood trees, maka wood, red wood, Ching Chang wood, Pradu wood, and deciduous dipterocarp trees. On Phu Phra Bat, there are many open stone terraces, rocks and sandstone sheds scattered around. caused by the action of water and wind on the sandstone.

Because there are quite a lot of hardwood covered. Together with many other natural plants, Phu Phra Bat is classified in the National Reserved Forest Area, “Pah Khuean Nam”, and is the source of many streams such as Huai Hin Lat, Huai Dan Yai, Huai Hin Rong, Huai Nang Usa and Huai Khok Khat. which flows into the east, confluence with the Mekong River at Tha Bo District Nong Khai Province

The plains surrounding the mountains are mainly cultivated for rice and cassava. The eastern valley of Phu Phra Bat is the largest valley characterized by undulating plains. Most of the area is cultivated for rice and cassava. This valley is commonly known as Lup Phan.

Height above mean sea level

Waterway

Huai Hin Lat, Huai Dan Yai, Huai Hin Rong, Huai Nang Usa, Huai Khok Khad, Huai Mong, Mekong River

Geological conditions

Phu Phra Bat is a sandstone hill. in the Phu Phan Noi mountain range at the edge of the western plateau of Udon Thani Sandstone is white, orange, pebbled, grit consists of quartz, chert, red talc. some igneous rocks with traces There are shale and gravel interspersed. It is in the Phu Phan rock unit, Korat series, in the lower - mid-Cretaceous period, or about 90-140 million years ago. The sandstone in the area has outstanding geological features. Because there are different properties in each floor. and has undergone geological erosion by water and wind. Makes the appearance of the landscape that is strange in many areas, such as Hor Nang Usa, Tham Chang, Father Ta's coffin, Thao Baros coffin, Nang Usa coffin, Pho Ta temple, Phra Ku Nang Usa cave, Nang Usa pond. Quail Stone Shed as well as the geological, physical and geological features found in the sandstone. which is a clear stratum or sedimentary rock For example, showing interleaving layers with gravel layers. An oblique-level display showing a change in water flow direction. (Department of Mineral Resources 2009 :38-39)

various shapes formed from sandstone and gravel sand have different texture The highly durable rock layers protrude into rock sheds. or a layer of rock overlaid on top The less durable rock layers will erode. or being eroded or is a concave part under the hard rock Become a rock shed or a rocky cliff such as Hor Nang Usa, etc.

Archaeological Era

era/culture

Archaeological age

Types of archaeological sites

archaeological essence

There are patterns of colored paintings appearing on the ceiling and walls of the stone sheds. Can be divided into 2 areas (Sataphon Kwanyuen and faculty 1985:50-51; Archeology Division 1989A :144-145) as follows:

1. The area of ​​the first stone On the wall of the stone shack towards the south side, there is a red writing pattern. lattice-like But the condition has faded and the color has faded a lot.

2. The area of ​​the second rock consists of 3 color paintings, namely

2.1 The east wall of the stone shed Written in red with a width of 0.5 meters and a length of 1.5 meters, it is a picture of 3 parallel lines and a transversal line like a ladder. and bring the line to create a square The left part of the painting has a series of overlapping square strokes.

2.2 at the ceiling on the east side of the stone shed Write in red line drawings. There are 9 groups in a row.

Group 1 has 3 images, with the first two being written in bold lines. It is a parallel line with a continuous angle. The other image is a small line drawing parallel to each other.

Group 2 depicts running animals. It is a mixture of curves and parallels.

Group 3 contains 3 images, drawn in triangular shapes. with an ellipses inside and there is a double line that follows from the triangle down.

Group 4 contains 9 images, written in small lines resembling a lotus flower. Inside has polka dots. curved line images Parallel lines and streaks that are connected to almost every line.

The fifth group wrote a picture of overlapping sawtooth serrations. Mixed with parallel lines and small curves

The sixth group is written in curves. There are stepped lines, parallel lines, circles, ellipses, and chevron lines written in succession.

The seventh group is drawn in a continuous grid-shaped cross-sectional line drawing. Uncertain shape.

The 8th group is written in curved, oval, and straight lines, which are non-continuous lines, a total of 10 images.

Group 9 contains 7 pictures, painted in coconut or fishbone pattern. circle pattern and stripes.

2.3 The ceiling area on the southeast side of the stone shed Written in thin and thick line drawings, including 8 images, including rhombic double line drawings Coconut or herringbone pattern Single line, step pattern, ellipse pattern, rectangular pattern. checkered pattern circular pattern mixed with curved lines and curved lines

Pitakchai Chatuchai (2010 :17) assumed that because the source of Non Hin Kliang 1 painting is a rock shed that protrudes forward approximately 2 meters below the small rock shed. This gives enough space within the stone shed to be used as a residence or as a shelter from the sun as well as the rain. Therefore, it can be said that this source of paintings at Non Hin Klaeng 1 has the characteristics of being used for the purpose of living. As for the color paintings found, it may be assumed that it represents the occupation of the area for living in the late prehistoric period or the metal period, aged 3,000-2,500 years ago.

Sathaporn Kwanyuen (Archaeology Division 1989a) assumed that these paintings are probably related to the rituals performed to stabilize the state of society.