- Excavate sites - dig into them, remove earth/objects
- Study artifacts - physical remains (ceramics, stone tools, pottery) & ecofacts (organic items) like pollen, seeds, bones)
- Radiocarbon date - dating organic matter to tell us ages of sites
Anthropologists:
- Study living & recently extinct groups to make educated guesses
- Study primate social groups
- Comparative method - compare living people to prehistoric
- Ethnoarchaeology - living humans reenact scenarios to show possible human behaviors
Both often study human remains/fossils.