Navigation equipment: This can include maps, compasses, GPS devices, sextants, and altimeters.
Communication equipment: This can include radios, satellite phones, and signal flares.
Transportation: This can include vehicles such as cars, boats, airplanes, and spacecraft, as well as non-motorized forms of transportation such as bicycles, horses, and camels.
Shelter: This can include tents, bivouac sacks, and other structures that can provide protection from the elements.
Food and water: Explorers need to carry enough food and water to sustain themselves for the duration of their expedition.
Medical supplies: This can include a variety of items such as bandages, antibiotics, and pain relievers.
Tools: This can include a variety of items such as knives, axes, shovels, and hammers.
Clothing and gear: This can include clothing appropriate for the climate and environment, as well as gear such as backpacks, sleeping bags, and hiking poles.
Safety equipment: This can include items such as fire extinguishers, first aid kits, and emergency locator beacons.
Research equipment: This can include equipment specific to the purpose of the exploration, such as cameras, recording devices, and scientific instruments.
In addition to these basic materials, explorers may also need to bring along other items specific to the nature of their expedition. For example, an explorer conducting a scientific expedition may need to bring along specialized equipment for collecting and analyzing data, while an explorer undertaking a cultural expedition may need to bring along items such as cameras, recording devices, and notebooks for documenting their observations.