Solvents: Solvents are used to remove stubborn dirt, grease, and stains. Common solvents used in archaeology include acetone, alcohol, and water. Solvents must be used with caution, as they can damage some materials.
Adhesives: Adhesives are used to repair broken artifacts or to attach them to display mounts. A variety of adhesives are used in archaeology, depending on the materials being bonded.
Conservants: Conservants are used to protect artifacts from deterioration. Common conservants include waxes, oils, and varnishes. Conservants must be selected carefully, as they can alter the appearance of artifacts.
Climate control: Artifacts are sensitive to changes in temperature and humidity. Climate control systems are used to maintain a stable environment in storage and display areas.
Documentation: Careful documentation is essential for tracking the condition of artifacts and for monitoring their preservation. Records of cleaning, repairs, and conservation treatments should be kept.
Consult with a conservator: For valuable or delicate artifacts, it is important to consult with a professional conservator. Conservators have the training and experience to properly clean and preserve artifacts.