1. Limestone:
- This was the most commonly used material in pyramid construction, particularly for the core of the pyramids.
- Limestone is a sedimentary rock formed from the accumulation of calcium carbonate from marine organisms.
- It is relatively soft and easy to work with, making it suitable for large-scale construction projects like the pyramids.
- The Giza pyramids, for instance, were primarily constructed using limestone blocks quarried from nearby quarries.
2.Granite:
- Granite was used for casing stones, especially in the outer layers of the pyramids to provide a smooth and aesthetically pleasing surface.
- Granite is an igneous rock formed through the solidification of molten magma beneath the Earth's surface.
- It is much harder and more durable than limestone, making it ideal for enduring the harsh desert climate and protecting the pyramids.
- The pyramids at Giza, for example, feature a casing of red granite brought from Aswan, located about 850 kilometers south of Cairo.