1. Co-rulership: Hatshepsut initially ruled as a co-regent with Thutmose III. This unique approach showed how she managed to work within traditional gender roles and expectations despite seeking a leadership position typically held by men.
2. Embracing Masculinity: To solidify her authority and gain respect from her subjects, Hatshepsut intentionally embraced many of the traditional symbols of masculinity associated with pharaohs. She often depicted herself in traditionally male roles and attire, such as the ceremonial beard, on reliefs and monuments.
3. Diplomatic Trade: Rather than relying solely on military conquest, Hatshepsut placed a strong emphasis on diplomatic trade and peaceful negotiation during her reign. She organized and undertook successful expeditions to the Land of Punt, establishing economic ties and bringing exotic treasures back to Egypt.
4. Building Projects and Monuments: Similar to her male predecessors, Hatshepsut focused on ambitious building projects and constructions as a way to commemorate her achievements and ensure her legacy. She oversaw the construction of various temples, including the magnificent Djeser-Djeseru temple in Deir el-Bahri.
5. Emphasis on Legitimacy: Hatshepsut actively campaigned to legitimize her rule. She claimed divine birth, linked herself to the gods, and emphasized her lineage to the royal family. To further assert her legitimacy, she sometimes referred to herself as the son or daughter of the god Amon-Ra.
6. Military Campaigns: Although not her primary focus, Hatshepsut did undertake some military campaigns to secure Egypt's borders and maintain its regional power. She used her influence to maintain stability and secure Egypt's trade routes during her reign.
By employing some strategies similar to male pharaohs, such as construction projects and military actions, while also incorporating elements of femininity, divine connection, and trade diplomacy, Hatshepsut successfully navigated the challenges of leading Egypt as a woman in a patriarchal society.