Exercises on the Crusades and the Development of Commerce

(PUC-RS) Answer the question, based on the following statements, about the Crusades in the Late Middle Ages:

Various sectors of European society had interests in the Crusades:the Church, the Byzantine Empire, landless nobles and Italian commercial cities.

The Crusades failed as a religious-military enterprise, not least because they ended up interrupting the rich European trade with the Middle East.

A new social class emerged, linked to commercial activity, and the power of the nobles gradually began to decline.

It was from the renewal of the power of the Church, with the movement of the Crusades, that the great Romanesque cathedrals were built in Western Europe.

By analyzing the alternatives, it is concluded that they are only correct:

a) I and II.

b) I and III.

c) I, II and III.

d) II and IV.

e) III and IV.

2) The Crusades had a great impact on the so-called “Mediterranean World”, that is, on the regions that directly depended on the Mediterranean Sea for their subsistence. Which civilization mostly controlled the Mediterranean Sea before the Crusade movement?

a) the Byzantine civilization.

b) the Assyrian civilization.

c) the Phoenician civilization.

d) the Islamic civilization.

e) the Egyptian civilization.

(Unesp) In the period called the Low Middle Ages, there was the development of commerce and the flourishing of cities. The economic growth of Western Europe intensified with the overseas expansion of the 15th century. It is considered essential for such expansion:

a) the crisis and commercial weakening of Italian city-states, suppliers of oriental products in Europe.

b) the centralization of political power and the possibility of investing state monetary resources in maritime expeditions.

c) the occupation of Constantinople by the Ottoman Turks and the end of peaceful contacts between West and East.

d) the abundance of metals in Europe and the growth of monetary circulation in conditions to finance expensive undertakings.

e) the rupture of the Christian unity of the West and the formation of Christian religions adapted to the ethics of capitalist accumulation.

4) Which Italian cities benefited most commercially from the actions of the Crusadist movement in the Late Middle Ages?

a) Genoa and Antwerp.

b) Amsterdam and Paris.

c) Turin and Milan.

d) Rome and Lyon.

e) Genoa and Venice.

Letter B

Topic II is incorrect because the Crusades did not interrupt the trade flow with the East. On the contrary, it was intensified. The error of topic IV is in the fact that the model of cathedrals built was Gothic, not Romanesque.

Letter D

The Arab civilization, which dominated, in the eighth century, the region of North Africa, the Middle East and part of southern Europe, used the Mediterranean Sea as a link between all these territories. It was with the Crusades that the Islamic hegemony over the Mediterranean ceased to exist.

Letter B

It was from the formation of large commercial centers during the Low Middle Ages that the first modern financial and state organizations were born. The Spanish and Portuguese states, for example, were pioneers in maritime expansion by being involved in this commercial universe of the Mediterranean Sea.

Letter e

Genoa and Venice, being port cities, benefited greatly from the commercial opening of the Mediterranean Sea caused by the Crusades. The European bourgeoisie began to form in the atmosphere of the economic exchanges that took place in this city.