Exercises about the end of the USSR

(FGV) “... with Gorbachev's rise to power, in 1985, the Soviet Union began to renew its leadership and put into practice the reformulation of electoral legislation, popular and economic..."

Glasnost emerged from the reforms referred to in the text:

a) a bold plan to restructure politics and the economy that reduced Soviet participation in conflicts outside Europe.

b) a doctrine of "limited sovereignty" which foresaw the existence of governments colluding with the Moscow monopoly.

c) a policy of openness, translated into the campaign against corruption and administrative inefficiency, greater political, economic and cultural freedom.

d) a more liberal form of communism that included expanding trade union and individual freedoms in Russia and excluding satellite states from changes.

e) a five-year plan that prioritized agrarian reform, the formation of peasant cooperatives and adopted compulsory education for all the people.

“The leader of the reformist forces and hero of their victory was Boris Yeltsin, who, in the first popular elections in June 1991, had been elected president of the Russian Republic. He immediately undertook ambitious reforms aimed at transforming the planned economy into a market economy based on free enterprise. (SENNHOLZ, Hans F. Russia and its long march out of communism . Source:Mises Brasil Institute website).

Among the reforms Yeltsin sought to carry out in Russia after the USSR ended was:

a) strengthening the control of the Russian State over the other countries of the former USSR.

b) privatization of state-owned enterprises.

c) new collectivization of agriculture.

d) creation of an economic embargo program to the United States.

e) creation of a credit expansion program for all citizens.

(UFRN) In 1991, the civil war in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia started with some conflicts in Croatia and Slovenia. In 1992, the fighting took place in Bosnia and Herzegovina, extending until December 1995. Recently, they reached the province of Kosovo, in the Serbian Republic.

For the occurrence of all these conflicts, contributed:

a) collapse of socialist regimes in Eastern Europe, which shook the political unity of the Balkan provinces, creating conditions for ethnic, cultural and religious differences to emerge.

b) interference by European nations participating in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) to prevent local conflicts in the Balkan region from having the support of the Warsaw Pact signatory countries.

c) process of globalization, which accelerated the industrial modernization of the countries participating in the European Union (EU), causing unemployment, which could be solved with the growth of regular armies.

d) historical origin of the Slavic peoples, who sought a way to rebuild the Ottoman Empire, authoritatively undone by the Potsdam Agreement and the Yalta Conference after the Second World War.

The collapse of the USSR, which took place between 1985 and 1991, had as one of its most striking points the polarization between the “hard line” sector of Soviet communism, led by Valentin Pavlov, and the liberalizing and modernizing sector, represented by Boris Yeltsin. On August 18, 1991, the hardliners promoted against the then Secretary General of the USSR, Mikhail Gorbachev:

a) a boycott of the party's general elections.

b) a plot to pit you against Yeltsin.

c) a coup d'état.

d) a shooting attack.

Letter C

Alongside Perestroika (Restructuring), which intended to overhaul the USSR's political-economic system, making it more open to the international market, Gorbachev also launched the Glasnost (Transparency) plan as a key element. , which consisted of procedures to make the USSR's politics and economy more agile, transparent and effective.

Letter B

The privatization of state companies in the former USSR, with the sale of shares on the international market, was one of the main measures taken by Yeltsin after the collapse of the Soviet communist system. It so happens that one of the major problems that had to be faced in this reform process was the devaluation of the Russian currency against the dollar at the time.

Letter A

The end of the USSR caused an impasse in the political unity of the Balkan and Caucasus regions in Eastern Europe. The ethnic, nationalist and territorial dispute would set the tone for the conflicts that would unfold in this region throughout the 1990s.

Letter C

Gobarchev was arrested on August 18, 1991, in a coup attempt orchestrated by the hard-line group of declining Soviet communism. His arrest resulted in one of Russia's biggest mass demonstrations in recent times. The secretary general had to be released and, in a few months, the USSR would dissolve for good.