- Rising Sea Levels: The most commonly accepted theory is that rising sea levels caused the people of Skara Brae to abandon their settlement. The village is located on the coast, and evidence suggests that the sea level was gradually rising over time during the Neolithic period. As the sea level rose, the village would have become increasingly difficult to defend against the rising waters, eventually forcing the inhabitants to leave.
- Dwindling Resources: Another possible reason for the abandonment of Skara Brae could be the depletion of resources in the area. The settlement was located in a relatively isolated area with limited resources, such as wood and stone. Over time, the availability of these resources may have declined, making it difficult for the inhabitants to sustain their way of life.
- Changing Climate: The climate during the Neolithic period was relatively warm and dry. However, evidence suggests that the climate began to change around the time that Skara Brae was abandoned, becoming colder and wetter. These changing climate conditions may have made it difficult for the inhabitants to adapt and continue living in the area.