Historical story

How did the Berlin conference lead to situation shown in this cartoon?

The cartoon depicts African colonial territories being divided up like a cake among the European colonial powers. It refers to the Berlin conference of 1884-85, where these European powers met to divide up Africa among themselves. The conference was called by German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck primarily to address French and Portugese claims in the Congo Basin, but it quickly expanded to include discussion of the entire African continent.

- Before the conference, European colonization of Africa had been largely informal and unplanned, with various European powers competing for influence and territories in different parts of the continent.

- The Berlin conference formalized this process, establishing rules and procedures for the acquisition of African territories and resolving conflicts between European powers over their respective claims.

The conference ultimately resulted in the division of Africa into 50+ European colonies, as shown in the cartoon, with little regard for the political, ethnic or linguistic boundaries of the African societies. This division had profound consequences for the continent's history and continues to shape the political and social landscapes of African countries today.