* Mary I (1516-1558), who succeeded him as queen
* Elizabeth I (1533-1603), who succeeded her sister as queen
* Edward VI (1537-1553), who succeeded Henry as king but died at the age of 15
* Henry Fitzroy, Duke of Richmond and Somerset (1519-1536), who was Henry's illegitimate son with Elizabeth Blount
* Catherine Carey (c. 1524–1569), who was Henry's illegitimate daughter with Mary Boleyn
* Henry Carey, 1st Baron Hunsdon (c. 1526–1596), who was Henry's illegitimate son with Mary Boleyn
So, yes, some of Henry's sons outlived him. Edward VI succeeded Henry as king, but he died at the age of 15. Henry Fitzroy, Duke of Richmond and Somerset, died at the age of 17. Henry Carey, 1st Baron Hunsdon, lived to the age of 70.