Invested in command during the War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1714), Philippe dOrléans takes the head of the army of Italy (1706), but, surrounded by incompetent advisers, is embroiled in the disaster of the siege of Turin. The War of the Spanish Succession was one of the longest conflicts of L
From the middle of the 19th century, artistic inspiration broke with figurative art, antique themes and the classicism:the paintings of natural landscapes by Degas, Monet or Renoir inaugurated the “impressionist” movement. Later, the influence of Paul Cézanne on the painting of the beginning of the
Why did the ancient Egyptians practice mummification ? And in what did this practice consist? A testimony, although now disputed and overcome thanks to modern archeology, comes to us from the historian Herodotus :he left us a fairly accurate description of this practice, arguing that it happen
Everyone has heard of the forbidden books index. But how did church censorship work in practice? How were official prohibitions implemented to protect innocent souls from sinful reading? The answers to these questions are not obvious even to historians. Thanks to Izabela Wienceks research, we at lea