In 1913, black people in the United States faced widespread discrimination, segregation, and racial violence. They were denied basic civil rights, including the right to vote, hold office, and serve on juries. They were subjected to Jim Crow laws, which enforced racial segregation in public places such as schools, transportation, and restaurants. Black people were often denied access to quality education, healthcare, and housing. They were also subjected to lynchings and other forms of racial violence. The Ku Klux Klan, a white supremacist organization, was particularly active in the South during this time and engaged in acts of terror and intimidation against black people. Despite these challenges, black people continued to resist and fight for their rights.