Question 01 - UNITAU 2016 - “In Nazism, we have a phenomenon that is difficult to submit to rational analysis. Under a leader who spoke in an apocalyptic tone of world power or destruction, and a regime founded on an absolutely repulsive ideology of racial hatred, one of the most culturally and economically advanced countries in Europe masterminded the war and launched a worldwide conflagration that killed more than 50 million. of people". KERSHAW, Ian, 1993, p.3-4, apud HOBSBAWM, Eric. The age of extremes. São Paulo:Companhia das Letras, 1993, p.113. In general terms, we can characterize Nazi ideology as a) nationalist and multi-party. b) racist and internationalist. c) Marxist and pacifist. d) statesman and anti-capitalist. e) nationalist and anti-communist.
Question 02 - UNESP 2019 - – So, all the Germans of that time are guilty? – This question arose after the war and remains to this day. No people are collectively to blame. Germans against Nazism were persecuted, imprisoned in concentration camps, forced into exile. Germany was, like many other European countries, steeped in anti-Semitism, even though active, murderous anti-Semites were only a minority. It is estimated today that around 100,000 Germans actively participated in the genocide. But what about the others, those who saw their Jewish neighbors arrested or those who took them to deportation trains? (Annette Wieviorka. Auschwitz explained to my daughter, 2000. Adapted.) When dealing with the attitude of the Germans towards the Nazi persecution of Jews, the text defends the idea that(A) the Germans behaved differently in the face of genocide, but many were tolerant of what was happening in the country. (B) this theme is still present in the German political debate, as there are no documentary sources that prove the genocide took place. (C) this topic was widely discussed in the post-war period, but it is inappropriate to address it today, as it accentuates the political differences in the country. (D) the Germans were collectively responsible for the Jewish genocide, as the majority of the population had direct participation in the action. (E) the Germans today defend the participation of their ancestors in the genocide, as they consider that this attitude was a survival strategy.
Question 03 - UNICAMP 2017 - “Hitler considered that propaganda should always be popular, aimed at the masses, developed in such a way as to take into account a lower level of understanding. (...) The essence of propaganda was to reach the hearts of the great masses, to understand their Manichean world, to represent their feelings.” (Alcir Lenharo, Nazism:the triumph of the will. São Paulo:Ática, 1986, p. 47-48.) About propaganda in Nazism, it is correct to say:a) the elementary level of propaganda was opposed to the sumptuous operas and parades that the Nazi regime promoted. b) propaganda should be restricted to a few points, such as the praise of racial superiority and the defense of democracy. c) the propaganda should stimulate the hatred of the masses against specific groups, such as Jews, blacks, homosexuals and gypsies. d) cinema and artistic production were the areas that resisted the Nazi propaganda system in Germany in the late 1930s.
Question 04 - UCS 2012 - Nazism, in the first half of the 20th century, motivated countless narratives of crimes against humanity and struggles for survival. An example is the writer Primo Levi, who, as a member of the social group whose intense persecution by the Nazis was marked by the expression Holocaust and his opposition to the political regime of his native country, led by Benito Mussolini, was arrested and sent to the Auschwitz concentration camp complex. However, his training in chemistry allowed him, in Auschwitz, to help in research for the production of synthetic rubber. This meant that Levi was not sent to his death in the gas chambers, contrary to what happened to several of his patricians. From the above account, it can be concluded that Primo Levi a) was Jewish, Italian and escaped being exposed to an atmosphere of hydrogen cyanide gas. b) he was Jewish, German and escaped being exposed to an atmosphere of nitrogen gas. c) he was Catholic, Italian and escaped being exposed to an atmosphere of hydrogen gas. d) he was a German Catholic and escaped being exposed to an atmosphere of nitrogen gas. e) he was a Protestant, a German and escaped being exposed to an atmosphere of hydrogen cyanide gas.
Question 05-FAMERP 2020 - Inside and outside the [concentration] camps, the SS took the racist and expansionist policy of Nazism to the last consequences. At first, political prisoners were the most targeted to be sent to the camps. This treatment was also given to strikers, saboteurs and resistance supporters, even in foreign territories. The range of those persecuted opened in the direction of Jews, gypsies, common prisoners, the mentally ill, priests and clerics, homosexuals. (Alcir Lenharo. Nazism, the triumph of the will, 1986.) The excerpt analyzes the performance of the SS, Nazi troops, and establishes a link between their a) conception of the militarization of German society and the willingness to ally with political groups of left. b) action of political and social control and the set of excluding values ​​and principles that moved Nazism. c) proposal for the disciplining of German society and respect for liberal economic and political practices. d) intention to implant a dictatorship in Germany and the Marxist ideology that served as a basis for Nazi thought. e) articulation with workers' unions and the right-wing political position that characterized Nazism.
GABARITO 01 - Letter E.
02 - Letter A. The text shows that the Germans had different views about Nazism, some were opposed and were persecuted, arrested and forced into exile. Others actively participated in the murders and the others were tolerant of everything that happened in that period.
03 - Letter C.04 - Letter A.05 - Letter B.