History of Asia

Follow the flow with the shogun during the Muromachi period

During the Muromachi period, after the fall of the Muromachi Shogunate, Emperor Go-Daigo Kenmu Restoration It refers to the samurai government that Takauji Ashikaga opened in Kyoto. The name comes from the Muromachi Palace, which was founded by the third shogun, Ashikaga Yoshimitsu.

1338-1573 It was a long time of about 240 years, but Onin War Since then, the shogun's authority is no longer in effect, and the guardian daimyo and jurisdiction of each region are in effect controlling it.

Eventually, in 1573, the 15th Shogun Yoshiaki Ashikaga was expelled by Nobunaga Oda, and it is said to have virtually collapsed.

In this article, I will follow the flow of the Muromachi period while introducing 15 (16) generals.

Successive Shoguns of the Muromachi Shogunate

First generation:Takauji Ashikaga 1338 ~ 1358

Initially, he led the Kamakura Shogunate's suppression army in order to suppress the recruitment of Emperor Go-Daigo, but after declaring his departure from the Shogunate, he destroyed the Rokuhara Tandai and destroyed the Kamakura Shogunate.

Although it is praised by Emperor Go-Daigo as the first meritorious person for the destruction of the shogunate, he moves to establish a new samurai government in opposition to the new government of Kenmu, which is a dictatorship by the emperor. After that, the confrontation between Emperor Go-Daigo and Takauji Ashikaga intensified, and we entered the Northern and Southern Dynasties, when there were two emperors, Emperor Go-Daigo and Emperor Go-Daigo.

After the establishment of the Shogunate, he tried to establish a two-headed system with his younger brother Yoshinao, but they were in conflict and Yoshinao withdrew from political affairs. Until Takauji died, it seems that it was a life of battle due to the battle with the Northern and Southern Dynasties and the battle with the guardian daimyo.

2nd generation:Yoshiakira 1358 ~ 1367

The conflict between Ashikaga's internal conflict and the Southern Court has continued since Takauji's time, and it seems that the administration was not stable. I bought "Hanatei" from Kiken Muromachi and made it a villa. Later, "Hanatei" was presented to Emperor Emeritus Takamitsu by the Ashikaga clan and became the Sento Imperial Palace, but it was inherited again during the Yoshimitsu era and became the Muromachi Palace.

3rd generation:Yoshimitsu Ashikaga 1368-1394

A meritorious person who achieved the unification of the Northern and Southern Dynasties and established the power of the shogunate.

We traded with Ming and reached the heyday of politics, economy and culture during the Muromachi period. [ Kitayama Culture ] Is called.

When Yoshimitsu moved his mansion to Kitakoji Muromachi, it became known as the "Muromachi-den". This name later became the name for Shogun Ashikaga, and the Shogunate's residence, which also served as the government office, was later called " Muromachi Shogunate . 』It came to be called.

4th generation:Yoshimochi Ashikaga 1394-1423

The term of office of the shogun was 28 years, which was the longest term in the Muromachi Shogunate.

He was given a general position by his father Yoshimitsu at the age of nine, but Yoshimitsu was Daijo-daijin . He was a shogun of decoration because he was in control. Therefore, the relationship between father and son was very terrible.

After Yoshimitsu's death, he handed over the shogunate to his child, Yoshikazu, but died in just two years in office. After that, he returned to affairs on behalf of the shogun.

5th generation:Ashikaga Yoshikazu 1423-1425

He was given the general post by Yoshimochi, but died in just two years.

After that, his father Yoshimochi took over the affairs on his behalf, and after his death, he was taken over by the 6th Shogun Yoshinori.

6th generation:Yoshinori Ashikaga 1429 ~ 1441

The third son of the third shogun, Yoshimitsu Ashikaga, his mother is Keiko Fujiwara in his concubine, and the fourth shogun, Yoshimochi Ashikaga, is his mother and younger brother.

Lottery General because Yoshimochi did not appoint a successor and became a general by lottery. Is called. It caused the Eikyo War, but regained the authority of the declining general and reestablished centralization.

At the end, Mitsusuke Akamatsu's Kakitsu Incident To be killed in the shogunate and to diminish the authority of the shogunate by this general's assassination drama ...

7th generation:Yoshikatsu Ashikaga 1442-1443

The firstborn of the 6th Shogun Ashikaga Yoshinori.

His father was assassinated by the Kakitsu Incident, and he took over the general post at the age of only nine, but died eight months later.

There are various theories about the cause of his death, but his death from dysentery is considered to be the most promising.

His father is the 6th Shogun Ashikaga Yoshinori and his mother is Shigeko Hino.

He is the same mother and younger brother of the 7th Shogun, Yoshikatsu Ashikaga.

Cultural Then, leaving a great achievement, Gardener Zen'ami , Kano school painter Masanobu Kano Higashiyamaden in the land of Higashiyama Was built and is now Jishoji Temple, Ginkaku, Togu-Do Remains in the present.

The culture of this era emphasized wabi and rust represented by Ginkaku [ Higashiyama culture ] Is called.

He is indifferent to politics, and in his later years he causes the Onin War from the issue of general succession.

9s:Yoshihisa Ashikaga 1473-1489

His father was the 8th Shogun Yoshimasa, and in the midst of the Onin War, he was handed over the general position from Yoshimasa in the 5th year of Bunmei and became the 9th Shogun.

He has a high reputation as a cultural figure, such as learning political affairs and waka poems from Ichijo Kaneyoshi, and is enthusiastic about waka poems. After the Onin War, the authority of the shogunate declined greatly due to the trend of Gekokujo, but Yoshihisa tried to establish the power of the shogunate.

He made aggressive shogunate reforms such as the conquest of Hexagon, but died of illness in the camp of Omi Province where he was in office.

Teen:Ashikaga Yoshitane (Yoshitane) 1490 – 1493

His father is the younger brother of Yoshimasa Ashikaga, the eighth shogun of the Muromachi Shogunate, and is the same person as Yoshimi Ashikaga, who was imitated as a shogun for a while.

Inaugurated as the 10th Shogun after the death of his uncle Yoshimasa. After that, he was abolished and imprisoned as a shogun in conflict with Masamoto Hosokawa, the most influential daimyo in the shogunate at that time. To live a fugitive life in various places with the aim of returning to work ...

11th generation:Yoshizumi Ashikaga 1495-1508

His father is Horikoshi Kubo and Ashikaga Masatomo, the half-brother of the eighth shogun, Ashikaga Yoshimasa.

When his cousin's teenage shogun Ashikaga Yoshitane was expelled by Masamoto Hosokawa in the 2nd year of Meiō (1493), he was espoused as the 11th shogun. However, in the 5th year of Eisho (1508), Yoshioki Ouchi, who had a former shogun, Yoshitane, set up an army of Joraku, so he fled to Omi Province and was abolished as a general, and died without being able to return.

* Teen (12s):Yoshitane Ashikaga 1508 – 1522

The same person as the teenage shogun Ashikaga Yoshitane.

He continued his escape life, but with the support of Yoshioki Ouchi of Suo Province, he relied on his military power to occupy Kyoto and return to the general post.

In the 10th year of Eisho (1513), when he was in office for the second time, he was renamed Yoshitane.

However, after Yoshioki Ouchi returned to Japan, after a conflict with Takakuni Hosokawa (adopted child of Masamoto), who was in charge at that time, he left Kyoto and was deprived of the general position again, and finally in Awa Province, where he fled. Died.

12s:Yoshiharu Ashikaga 1521-1546

By reorganizing his aides as a private congregation and placing them at the center of the administration, he will strengthen his custody.

Instead of the marriage relationship with the Hino family, which had been continued since Yoshimitsu Ashikaga, he tried to restore the authority of the shogun by welcoming a regular room from the Konoe family to strengthen the relationship with the imperial court. It was frustrated by the large-scale conflict.

13s:Yoshiteru Ashikaga 1546-1565

Born in Nanzenji Temple in Higashiyama as the firstborn of the 12th Shogun, Yoshiharu Ashikaga.

Yoshiteru is striving to revive the authority of the shogunate and the authority of the shogunate, and is making efforts to improve with the warring lords of each country.

1548, Date Harumune and Tanemune, 1558, Takeda Shingen and Nagao Keitora, Shimazu Takahisa and Otomo Yoshinori, Motonari Motonari and Amago Haruhisa 1560, Motonari Motonari and Otomo Sorin In 1563, Terutaka Uesugi (Kenshin Nagao), Hojo Ujimasa, and Harunobu Takeda frequently arbitrated conflicts between daimyo, such as in 1564, and publicized the prestige of the shogun.

As a disciple of the sword master [Tsukahara Bokuden], he was instructed in sword art and is said to have been good at sword art. However, he is murdered by the strangeness of Miyoshi Nagayoshi and others.

14s:Yoshihide Ashikaga 1568 (February-September)

When his cousin Yoshiteru, the 13th shogun, was murdered by Miyoshi Sanjin and Matsunaga Hisahide due to the strangeness of Eiroku, he was replaced by his father, Yoshitsuna, by Miyoshi Sanjin and Hisahide. It was supported as a candidate.

Among all the shoguns, he never set foot in Kyoto, where he was based, and had no independence. He was a complete puppet general by Miyoshi Sanjin and Matsunaga Hisahide. Therefore, he is often not counted as Shogun Muromachi ...

15s:Yoshiaki Ashikaga 1568-1588

His father is Yoshiharu Ashikaga, the 12th shogun of the Muromachi Shogunate, and his mother is Keijuin, the daughter of Konoe Hisamichi.

The 13th Shogun, Yoshiteru Ashikaga, is the same mother and brother.

When his brother Yoshiteru and his mother Keijuin were assassinated by Matsunaga Hisahide, he escaped from Nara with the help of the shogunate and returned to the world. Then, he was embraced by Nobunaga Oda of Mino Province and became a shogun.

It is generally said that the Muromachi Shogunate was destroyed in 1573 because the inside of Nobunaga was in a terrible state and he was banished from Kyoto and moved down to Bingo for a long time.

Until the Toyotomi administration was fully established, the general position remained. After the administration was established, he resigned from the general post and was recognized by Toyotomi Hideyoshi as the daimyo of Yamashiro Makishima 10,000 stones, and was treated under the Toyotomi administration as a nobleman who was a former shogun and lived the rest of his life.

The other day, I was pointed out about the teenage general, so I would like to add it.

Previously, it was written as a teenage shogun Ashikaga Yoshimi, but it was my mistake. This has been fixed.

Also, is the shogun in his fifteens? Are you in your 16s? Was also pointed out.

Generally, General Ashikaga is known in his fifteenth generation, but Ashikaga Yoshitane and Yoshitane are the same person, and depending on how many of them are counted, opinions may differ between the fifteenth and sixteenth generations.

This is also the case with the Emperor, in which case heavy It is called and counted as the second generation.

Empress Koken and Empress Koken Are the same person and are said to be the emperors in their 46s and 48s, respectively. According to this idea, the number of shoguns in the Muromachi Shogunate is 15 in their 16s.

However, since Shogun Muromachi is generally in his fifteenth generation, the notation was rewritten in his fifteenth generation in an easy-to-understand manner. I have added * for Yoshitane.

In terms of time, it will be an era between Yoshizumi and Yoshiharu.

Thank you for pointing out.