1590 Toyotomi Hideyoshi who destroyed Mr. Hojo in the Kanto region Ordered Ieyasu Tokugawa to rule the Kanto region. Originally, Ieyasu's main territory was Mikawa and was based in Okazaki Castle, but due to many years of efforts, Totomi, Suruga, Kai It was a daimyo who ruled.
At the behest of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, Ieyasu Tokugawa will leave the familiar land and be transferred to the eastern end.
1584 after Oda Nobunaga's death Ieyasu and Hideyoshi Battle of Komaki and Nagakute Ieyasu seemed to have the upper hand after a battle, but Hideyoshi's political reversal caused Ieyasu to succumb. Therefore, the Kanto transfer drama is thought to be because Hideyoshi keeps Ieyasu away. * There are various theories
Daimyo who was sent to a remote place by the order of Toyotomi Hideyoshi
Sassa Narimasa and Gamo Ujisato to the daimyo who was sent to a remote place by Hideyoshi's order like Ieyasu. There is.
Sassa Narimasa Was a former colleague of Hideyoshi and was in the Hokuriku region as a power of the Shibata Katsuie. After the change of Honnoji, he will follow the Shibata Katsuie as it is, but when the Katsuie is destroyed by Hideyoshi, he will be obedient to Hideyoshi for a while, but when the battle between Komaki and Nagakute begins, he will communicate with Ieyasu and disobey Hideyoshi again ...
When Ieyasu Tokugawa succumbed to Hideyoshi, Sassa Narimasa survived at Hideyoshi's judgment, but most of the territory was confiscated and moved to Osaka to serve Hideyoshi as a prince.
When Hideyoshi conquered Kyushu in 1587, Narimasa was ordered to transfer to Higo, but the local people rebelled and Hideyoshi took responsibility for it and was forced to commit suicide. This example of Sassa Narimasa was sent to a remote area because he was against Hideyoshi, and was eliminated. It is believed that it was done.
On the other hand, Gamo Ujisato served the Oda clan and emerged when he followed Hideyoshi, ruled Ise Matsuzaka, and was seen as a promising future. After the subjugation of the Hojo clan, Aizu ordered him to transfer it, and five years later he died of illness at a young age. In this transfer, Hideyoshi was afraid of Ujisato's competence . It seems that it is often thought that.
Reason for choosing Edo as the base of Kanto
At the time of the transfer, Ieyasu decided to decide the base of the Kanto region.
The candidate sites are Odawara and Kamakura , which have already been completed as cities. There was also. However, Ieyasu chose Edo, which was only a rural town at that time.
So why did Ieyasu decide to base himself in Edo, east of the political center of Osaka, rather than the big cities of Odawara and Kamakura?
It seems that Hideyoshi had such a word at the time of the transfer ...
Speaking of Edo at this time, low-lying areas with thick yoshi So, it was an undeveloped land with only a few cold fishing villages scattered around. * The photo on the left is Yoshi (Ashi)
However, the fact that Edo was a cold fish village was a creation to lift Ieyasu, and although it seems that there was already a city of a certain size around this time, there is no doubt that there was still room for development.
Furthermore, Ieyasu must have felt despair when he heard this, as he was just moving away from Kyoto and Osaka, which are the centers of politics and economy.
However, Hideyoshi's words were not compulsory, and Ieyasu had the option of being based in Odawara or Kamakura. Ieyasu dared to set up his base in Edo as Hideyoshi said.
So why did Ieyasu, the main subject, decide on Edo as his home? ??
Before Hideyoshi was ordered to transfer to the Kanto region, Ieyasu's Kokudaka was Mikawa, Totomi, Suruga, Shinano, Kai . It was a daimyo of 1.5 million stones with five countries. He called it, Hojo's old territory, Musashi / Izu / Sagami / Ueno, Kazusa, Shimosa, Shimotsuke, Hitachi It will increase significantly with 2.5 million stones in the eight Kanto countries, but it was thought that the influence of the Tokugawa family would inevitably decline because it was moved away from the center.
Odawara prospered for a long time as the home of Mr. Hojo, and the castle itself was almost intact during the previous attack on Odawara.
However, it was a very difficult area to control because the area was adjacent to the Tokugawa family, Ieyasu was allergic to it, and the former monarch had a good government.
* The photo is Odawara Castle
On the other hand, Kamakura used to have a shogunate, and for samurai, " sanctuary " It was a historical place, but it may have been difficult to redevelop the city because it is surrounded by Mt. Mikata, there are many archaeological sites from the Jomon period to the Yayoi period, and there are many buildings from the Nara period. hey. * This is a personal way of thinking.
Everyone thought that the Tokugawa vassals would be based in Odawara or Kamakura. However, if you open the lid, the Edo and vassals must have been very disappointed.
As mentioned above, everyone in Edo at that time thought that it would be very difficult to build a new castle or town in such a land with many wetlands. However, it seems that Ieyasu thought that Odawara and Kamakura, which are surrounded by mountains and difficult to be attacked by the enemy, would hinder the development of the city.
On the other hand, Edo, which is located in the middle of the Kanto Plain, faces the sea and was also the end point of several rivers flowing through the Kanto region. Ieyasu, who thought that the distribution of goods was directly linked to the development of the city, decided that this land of Edo was the best for distribution.
The rivers in Edo were often flooded and troublesome, but I thought there was a chance of winning if this problem was cleared.
Creating a city in Edo and the birth of Edo culture
In the city of Edo near the sea, fresh water did not come out even if a well was dug, so securing drinking water was prioritized.
Ieyasu orders Tadayuki Okubo to construct water in Edo.
Okubo is a particularly good quality water source in Edo, " Inokashira Pond I made a waterway from this pond so that water could flow into Edo Castle. This is the first water service built in Edo, and it is said that Okubo completed this major construction in just three months in order to meet Ieyasu's expectations.
At the same time, Ieyasu embarked on the renovation of the poor Edo Castle. Necessary supplies were used by creating a waterway from the castle to Edo Bay.
A vast site was required to create a castle town, and the sea that had cut into the current Imperial Palace was reclaimed by cutting down Mt. Kanda at the southern end of Surugadai to create the site. What was reclaimed at this time was the current Hibiya Park and the area around Shinbashi . was.
1594 We will embark on the replacement work of the Tone River, which caused flood damage due to the flooding of the river. It took 31 years to transfer the flow of the Tone River that flowed into Edo Bay to Choshi, which faces the Pacific Ocean.
This work prevented flooding in Edo and turned the wetlands into land suitable for agricultural land. In addition, the direct connection between Edo and the Pacific Ocean has succeeded in making the water transport of the Tone River function as an aorta.
In addition, in order to attract people to the city, we will create a residential area in the area where the current Otemachi and Marunouchi are located, and invite people from each area who have an indispensable role in life such as doctors to improve the image of the city. I tried.
Thanks to these efforts by Ieyasu, people gradually gathered in Edo, and low-rent apartments and back Nagaya were born. Each family lived in a room of about 6 tatami mats, and shared a house, a toilet, and a garbage collection point.
This is a unique housing culture unique to Edo, and it is said that it was during this period that public baths, public baths, were born.
In this way, the residents who fostered a sense of solidarity said, " Edokko ], And the culture unique to the region will bloom.
Above all, the food culture has developed, and " sushi And " Tempura From the meal that said, " Tsukudani " that the fishermen of Tsukuda Island thought. ] Has also become a specialty.
This transfer of Edo brought an unexpected plus to Ieyasu Tokugawa.
By saying that it is in the Kanto region far east, it is no longer necessary to send troops to Korean troops, and as a result, the national power can be preserved more than other daimyo, and it has had a great influence on the government struggle after Hideyoshi's death.
And 1600 After winning the Battle of Sekigahara, he ordered the daimyo to repair rivers and construct infrastructure such as water and sewage, roads, and canals. This is [ Tenka Fukon 】It is said that.
Similar to the change of attendance, this has the purpose of reducing the economic power of various daimyo, and it seems that the foreign daimyo, in particular, went crazy to show their loyalty to Ieyasu. In this way, the urbanization of Edo has steadily progressed, 1616 . Ieyasu Tokugawa saw the destruction of the Toyotomi family and died.
The city of Edo that connects to the present Tokyo
Even after Ieyasu's death, the city of Edo will continue to grow, leading to the current capital, Tokyo.
It is undoubtedly the Edo Shogunate, the first shogun, and Ieyasu Tokugawa who laid the foundation for the modern city of Tokyo 400 years after the opening of the Edo Shogunate. Who can imagine that Tokyo, which is now a world-famous city, was a rough wetland when Ieyasu first saw it?
The soul of town planning that started from this Ieyasu will continue to be inherited.