Generally, in Japanese history, Shogun Ashikaga Yoshiteru Was murdered and his younger brother Yoshiaki was Oda Nobunaga It was said that Joraku was devoted to Joraku, and even though the NHK Taiga drama Kirin came, it was performed with the same interpretation.
However, the relationship between Nobunaga and Yoshiaki did not last long, and Yoshiaki became a nomadic general and was banished from Kyo without being able to agree with each other.
This is 1573 Generally, Muromachi Shogunate is destroyed It has become.
It is written in the famous Japanese history of Yamakawa that Nobunaga Oda expelled Yoshiaki and destroyed the Muromachi Shogunate.
However, recent research has taken a slightly different view.
First of all, let's take a look at the flow of destruction of the Muromachi Shogunate that we are aware of for review, and then let's get into the main subject.
General flow of the destruction of the Muromachi Shogunate
April 1573 Shingen Takeda who was the central figure in the second Nobunaga siege network However, he died on the way to Joraku.
Nobunaga, who died in nine deaths, led a large army and was the main cause of the siege network Yoshiaki Ashikaga I went up to the place and pressed for surrender. Yoshiaki, who had no way to do it, went down to Nobunaga, but immediately after that, he escaped from the Imperial Palace and stood in Makishima Castle to resist, but Nobunaga Oda surrounded the castle and Yoshiaki Ashikaga surrendered.
At this time, Yoshiaki offered his two-year-old firstborn, Yoshihiro, as a hostage and left Kyo.
After that, Loquat-so, Kawachi Wakae Castle, Izumi Sakai, Kii Kokokuji Temple, Tanabe Tomarigusuku After wandering around, he eventually relied on Mori Terumoto to put himself in Tomonoura. As described in the textbook, Yoshiaki Ashikaga in 1573, the first year of Tensho. When he left Kyo, [ The destruction of the Muromachi Shogunate 】It has been with.
The definition of the shogunate that we think of was ambiguous! ??
I will skip here, but I would like to think a little about what the Shogunate is.
I'm aware of 1185 * Minamoto no Yoritomo , the master of the samurai family Opened the shogunate in Kamakura, and I recognize that the samurai government by the shogun continued for about 650 years until the Taisei Hokan was repatriated. This is the premise of history classes from elementary school to high school.
However, when I looked it up, I found that the samurai government with the Shogun General at the top was [ Shogunate . ] Is that executed a new government that has never existed in Japan And Clarify the difference from the Taira administration Late Edo period-Meiji period It seems that they have made an arrangement.
Even in the same samurai government, the difference from the Taira administration is that Heike inherits the ancient decree nation, where many of its families get the official post of the imperial court and are appointed as the national priests of each country It's the difference between doing and not doing it.
* In my age, I learned that Minamoto no Yoritomo became a shogun and opened the Kamakura Shogunate in 1192, but in recent years, Minamoto no Yoritomo has been granted the right to appoint a guardian and a priest. It is said that the Kamakura Shogunate was established in 1185.
In the first place, the shogunate does not refer to the samurai government, but the Chinese name of the official position . was.
The Tang name is a Japanese aristocrat who was highly conscious during the Ritsuryo era. It is derived from attaching. An easy-to-understand example is Chunagon [ Huangmen ], And Mito Komon means Mito's Chunagon.
The name of this shogunate in Japan is [ Konoe Daisho ] It refers to the thing.
In Japan's Ritsuryo system, there were left and right Konoe Daisho, who were in charge of guarding the palace. Minamoto no Yoritomo, who is said to have opened the Kamakura Shogunate, has also been appointed as the highest position given by military attachés.
In addition, since Yoshimitsu Ashikaga, Yoshimasa, Nobunaga Oda, and Ieyasu Tokugawa and Hidetada Tokugawa have also been appointed, the government of those who became generals after becoming General Konoe [ Shogunate ], But if you go back to the Heian period, Fujiwara no Michinaga Since he is also General Konoe Daisho, Konoe Daisho's administration =Shogunate It's not a simple story.
Currently, it is influential to say that the Kamakura Shogunate was established in 1185, so [ Shogun General =Shogunate ] I feel that it is a little different. When that happens, the political system of the samurai separated from the public house I feel that it is good to make it the shogunate.
I think Shogun Is just like giving authority to create a political system, and Hideyoshi Toyotomi is Kampaku . Didn't he create his own samurai government with the official position?
Then, Nobunaga Oda is the Azuchi Shogunate and Hideyoshi Toyotomi is the Osaka Shogunate . It may be possible to add.
The destruction of the Muromachi Shogunate =not the expulsion of Yoshiaki
" Assistant Lord " which is a staff record of successive imperial courts In 』, Yoshiaki Ashikaga has not resigned from Shogun General and has not been stripped.
Actually, Yoshiaki officially resigned as a shogun on January 13, 16th, after the time of Toyotomi Hideyoshi. He was released from the shogunate because he became a "Jugou" who was given the same treatment as the Empress Dowager, Empress Dowager, and Empress Dowager (Sannomiya).
Yoshiteru Ashikaga's older brother, Yoshiteru, the 13th shogun, had been expelled from Kyoto in a battle with Nagayoshi Miyoshi. Also at this time, expulsion =destruction of the shogunate Did not become.
So what is interpreted as the destruction of the Muromachi Shogunate?
Actually, it seems that Oda Nobunaga himself, who was banished, did not intend to completely cut his hand with Yoshiaki at the beginning.
He seems to have been serious about trying to reconcile at least immediately after leaving Kyo.
Yoshiaki Ashikaga who kicked the peace negotiations from Nobunaga
Immediately after Yoshiaki left Kyo, Nobunaga dispatched Hideyoshi Hashiba to negotiate peace.
Although it is a decoration, it seems that Nobunaga did not want to be treated as a rebel by the public by hostile to the shogun. It is unthinkable in the conventional image of Nobunaga, but it seems that the character of Nobunaga has been reviewed in recent studies, and it is said that he was a politician who values precedent rather than an unconventional revolutionary child or a demon king. increase.
Depending on the outcome of this peace talk, there is a good chance that Yoshiaki will return to Kyo, and Nobunaga wanted it. However, Yoshiaki strongly demanded [a hostage from Nobunaga's side as a proof of peace] at the time of negotiations.
In this era, hostages are [ weak positions ] Person [ to swear not to betray It is a famous story that Ieyasu Tokugawa was entrusted to the Imagawa clan as a hostage when he was a child. Nobunaga's siege network collapsed and he lost to Nobunaga, entrusted his firstborn to a hostage, and Yoshiaki, who should have been in an overwhelmingly weak position, demanded a hostage from Nobunaga.
Upon hearing this, Hideyoshi, the negotiator, was furious and the peace talks were terminated, and Yoshiaki, who lost his place, proceeded to the wandering life as mentioned above ...
Given this peace talks, there is no doubt that Nobunaga was still trying to move Japan using the authority of Shogun Yoshiaki, so Yoshiaki's expulsion =the destruction of the shogunate I feel a little different from that. Also, Yoshiaki's son was taken hostage, and if Yoshiaki couldn't do anything about it, he might have been willing to stand up for him and make him a shogun.
Tomonoura Shogunate and Azuchi Shogunate
Looking at the movement of Yoshiaki after the actual expulsion, it is recorded that he was doing something like the shogunate even if he was not in Kyoto.
Yoshiaki, who was exiled from Kyo, is still in the position of Shogun General, and is Tomonoura of Mouri. I set up the Gosho.
Even in the final episode of Kirin ga Kuru, [ Kubo-sama in Tomo of Mouri territory ... ] You said.
At Tomonoura's Imperial Palace, there are more than 50 vassals such as magistrates and magistrates and those who take care of the general, and when their families and related persons are combined, there are hundreds of large households. was. So Yoshiaki Mori Terumoto As a deputy general, honors and licenses In addition to the servants and Ogai-sama, who are equivalent to Mori's senior vassals, we incorporated them into the shogunate organization.
In addition, we issued a case of appointing a top priest to a temple under the direct control of the shogunate, and received assistance in return. In Tomonoura, where the active shogun was, although the scale was reduced, the shogunate as a political power still existed, and it seems that it was not just the place where the shogun was.
In short, the shogunate where the Muromachi gosho was located was destroyed, but the Tomonoura shogunate was there.
On the other hand, Nobunaga, who expelled Yoshiaki, decided to draw his own route and created his own government centered on Azuchi Castle. 1573 to 1582 Honnoji Incident It is probable that the shogunate led by Shogun Ashikaga and the shogunate led by Nobunaga Oda existed for about nine years until then.
Certainly, the battle with Ikko-ikki and Honganji Temple and the battle of Nagashino, Matsunaga Hisahide, Araki Murashige All the battles that fell on Nobunaga, such as the rebellion of Nobunaga, can be interpreted as proxy wars of Yoshiaki Ashikaga of the Tomo Shogunate.
Differences in interpretation may change the milestones of the times
Muromachi Shogunate Shogunate with the Imperial Palace in Muromachi, Kyoto In that sense, it would be okay if Yoshiaki was destroyed when Yoshiaki was expelled from Kyo, but the political organization opened by the head of the general family Ashikaga . If so, it would be premature to say that the shogunate was destroyed.
In Japan at that time, it is said that the authority of Shogun was still high, especially in Tohoku and Kyushu, other than the territories governed by Nobunaga.
Therefore, in the history we learned, [ Shogunate =the place where the Gosho was set up ], It seems that it is an interpretation, Yoshiaki expulsion =the destruction of the Muromachi Shogunate I think that it is. However, since the people in question are not aware that they have not destroyed the Muromachi Shogunate, the two governments are glaring at the nine years from 1573 to 1582, as in the Nanbokucho period. It may come sickly to think that it was letting go.