Yayoi period The origin of the name is [ Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo Yayoi Town ] It was attached because the earthenware was found in the excavation survey.
Speaking of changes from the Jomon period, the emergence of metals and the spread of rice cultivation Can be mentioned.
However, just because metal tools appeared, it was not used by 100% of people, and stone tools were still active.
Even with exam questions,
"In the Yayoi period, when iron was used, the stone tools that had been used until then were no longer used."
There is a catching problem like that, but this is a mistake.
By the way, metal objects that were popular in the Yayoi period are bronze and ironware . had.
Bronze ware is a ritual vessel such as dotaku, which is mainly used for politics Used in ironware is a practical item such as weapons and farm tools It seems that it was often used for.
Social changes due to rice cultivation
Another major change in the Yayoi period is [ rice cultivation 】is.
Rice cultivation from the continent is said to have started in Kyushu.
By transmitting this rice cultivation,
- Division of labor by rice cultivation → Birth of social class
- A leader who leads the whole
- Difference in rice stockpile → Difference in rich and poor
- Mura and Kuni's battle over land and harvest
- Birth of a moated settlement like the Yoshinogari ruins
- A big war in the latter half of the Yayoi period ← From a highland village
There will be social changes like that.
During the Jomon period, before rice cultivation was introduced, mainly hunting, fishing, and wildcrafting It was the era of.
- Defeat the mammoths that are the prey of hunting and eat the meat together
- Pick up acorns and nuts by collecting
- In fishing, I used bone tools to catch fish and used as much food as I needed.
When agricultural culture begins, it is necessary to cultivate the land, bring in good quality soil, and create waterways to improve drainage, and the larger the land, the more manpower is required.
Some people will support people in order to improve the efficiency of farm work. This will be the leader of the group. This one group is [ Kuni ] Is called.
In addition, the rice that is made can be preserved, so it will be stockpiled. Due to the high yield of rice, some villages have low stockpiles and some have large stockpiles, creating an economic gap. This is the difference between rich and poor is.
Poor villages with poor soil and poor yields must procure insufficient rice.
Poor settlements will attack rich settlements in search of rice and fertile land. In this way, conflicts arise between the settlements.
Once you know that you can be attacked, you must devise measures to prevent it from being attacked. The countermeasure was taken in a moat village like the Yoshinogari ruins.
Chinese [ Gohansho ] Although it is described as "Wakoku War" in Dongyi in Chinese History, it is a highland village that is suitable for both defense and attack in high places. Was formed.
Tools brought by rice cultivation
A new culture called rice cultivation was born, but at the same time, new tools were born.
In the latter half of Yayoi, the number of dry fields with irrigation facilities will increase from the wet fields that had been used up until then. Then, unlike in the wetlands, harder tools are needed to cultivate dry soil.
Here, ironware tools become popular.
As a result, the production environment of dry fields can be effectively utilized and the production capacity will increase.
Also, what was a hunting tool in the Jomon period will evolve as a tool for conflict.
Earthenware was used in the Yayoi period as in the Jomon period.
It is thinner and harder than Jomon pottery, and its color is bright.
It is said that this difference in color and thinness is due to the difference in how Jomon pottery and Yayoi pottery are baked.
The main purpose of use is
- For cooking, such as steaming grains
- Turtle for storage
- Tomb (Kame coffin tomb)
- Earthenware to serve
- Earthenware that draws water
After the death of Himiko, large burial mounds will be built.
As the conflict between Kuni is repeated, the weaker Kuni will be incorporated into the larger [Kuni]. It is believed that Kuni, who had the power at that time, became Yamato Kingship * after various modifications after the death of Himiko in Yamatai.
* That's the theory.
In this way, the era shifts from the Yayoi period to the Kofun period.