History of Europe

Turnism and rigging in the Restoration

On July 24, 2011 we made an entry, in this same blog, about turnismo in the Restoration. This was a fundamental element for political functioning during this period and, although its purpose was clear, its mechanisms were more complex, all of them being linked to electoral manipulation and the phenomenon known as "ribbling".
The following conceptual map complements and extends the one we offered on that occasion.