Frederick Redhead
The reign of the Roman Empire in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries AD 'Hohentofen' In the hands of the Christian dynasty named Hohentofen was a small town or village in Germany. Being related to this clan or village, this dynasty was called 'Hohentofen' dynasty. King Frederick (I) of this dynasty became Emperor of Rome in AD 1152. It is also called Frederick redhead (Barbarosa).
His reign is said to be the most spectacular in the Holy Roman Empire. He was a role model for the German people. Tales of his heroism became so widely known in Europe that he became the prince of fictional tales. The German people believed for centuries that Frederick was sleeping in a cave and that if Germany were to be in trouble, he would wake us up and save us.
Frederick was one of those kings who considered the king to be the representative of God and considered it their natural right to rule over the subjects. He said that- 'It is not the duty of the people to tell the law to the king. His job is to obey the orders of the king.'
Frederick wanted to organize his kingdom in his own way and wanted to bring discipline in it, but in this work the Pope of Rome and his own feudal lords were the biggest obstacles. For this reason, Frederick faced the challenge of dealing with three fronts simultaneously. The first challenge is the Pope, the second challenge is the feudal lord of Rome and the third challenge is the ongoing crusade on the front of Palestine!
Frederick defied the Pope with great self-confidence, but the Pope expelled him from the Christian union. Thus the Pope overpowered the Emperor, and Frederick had to be put down. In the quarrel with the feudal lords, the emperor tried to crush the rights of the feudal lords but here too he did not succeed.
Due to the influence of big feudatories, big cities were flourishing in Italy during this period, but the emperor tried to stop these cities from flourishing so that the increasing power of the feudal lords could be curbed, but the emperor was successful in this task. Couldn't find it.
Large cities were also flourishing in Germany during Frederick's time. Today's Cologne, Hamburg and Frankfurt are the German cities that were settled during the same period. Frederick's policy regarding these cities was quite the opposite of the cities of Italy. In Italy, where he was preventing the growth of large cities, in his native country he was helping on behalf of the state for the development of large cities. Finally Frederick (1st) went to Palestine with a large army to participate in the Crusade.
Here too he did not get much success and unfortunately while crossing a river he drowned and died in it. Looking at the life of Frederick, it seems that he was a failed king in every way but in reality it is not so. Despite so many failures, he had many successes in his bag. During his time, the kingdom of Rome had become very disciplined, due to which the subjects got happiness and the people used to praise him. He was very popular not only in Germany or Italy, but throughout Europe.
Frederick (II)
Frederick Barbarossa's grandson was also named Frederick. He is known in history as Frederick (II). He became the ruler of Rome in AD 1212. He was very young at that time. Like Frederick (I), Frederick (II) also considered the 'Pop of Rome' as an obstacle in the progress of the subjects and wanted to end his interference in governance by limiting the powers of the Pope.
Because of this he soon had a conflict with the Pope. Frederick (II) was quite the opposite of his grandfather's temperament. He did not bow his head before the Pope and kept on making clear declarations of his authority as paramount. The Pope issued some orders to Frederick which Frederick refused to obey. A heated debate ensued between the Pope and the Emperor through letters.
On this the Pope expelled Frederick from the Christian union. This was the old weapon of the Pope, on the strength of which he had been running orders on the German kings of Rome, but this time he had to fall with Frederick II, who not only ridiculed the Pope but also told many kings of Europe about the exploits of the Pope. Send long letters to me.
At the end of these letters appeals were made to kings around the world not to obey the orders of the pope, the role of the pope being limited only to religious matters. He has no right to give orders to the kings and obstruct the administration. Giving information about the exploits of many clergy in his letters, he sent a raw account of the corruption growing in the clergy of Rome to the rulers of the whole world. He wrote some letters to the Pope and made many allegations against the Pope and humiliated the Pope through these letters.
The Pope's reputation was severely damaged by this aggressive correspondence by the Emperor. Most of the kings of Europe agreed with Frederick II's point of view and wrote to the pope advising him not to interfere in the king's work. Because of this the Pope felt himself greatly humiliated and discouraged. The real power of the Pope was these kings who used to control the people of their respective states on his orders. The Pope understood very well that if the kings removed the Pope, then what would be the prestige and status of the Pope in Christendom!
Jewish and Arabic philosophers also came to Frederick's court. It was through Arabic philosophers that Frederick introduced the practice of Arabic numerals and algebra in Europe. These numbers reached from India to Arabia and from Arabia to Europe. Frederick started university and a large medical school in Naples.
He continued to rule the Roman Empire till AD 1250. He proved to be the last emperor of the 'Hohentofen' dynasty. After his death the Roman Empire began to disintegrate. Italy fell apart. Robbers and dacoits used to plunder all over the empire and there was no one to stop them.
The burden of the Roman Empire was so heavy for the German state that it could not bear it and fell to pieces. The rulers of England and France began to strengthen their position and suppressed the power of the feudal lords under them. The Emperor of Germany became so busy fighting with the Pope and other Italian states that he could not suppress the feudatories of Germany.
For this reason, England and France began to assume the form of nations much earlier than Germany, while in Germany until the beginning of the twentieth century, small kings were gathering.