From Wang Mang (wikipedia)
Wang Mang who seized the throne from the last emperor (actually the crown prince) Liu Zhao after the decline of the Western Han .. new I founded a country called.
I tried to create a government with the ideal of the Zhou dynasty, which emphasized Confucianism, but as a result of the ideal being too overwhelming and revealing the hierarchical relationship, it would cause a backlash from home and abroad. The neighboring nations rebelled because they hijacked the neighboring peoples with the Sinocentrism and called Goguryeo Shimoguryo.
While the financial resources were already under pressure to realize the ideal, when it comes to moving the army to contain the rebellion, there is no choice but to raise taxes. Thus a very heavy tax is levied on the people. The peasant revolt to counter this heavy tax is red eyebrows It is [18-27 AD].
Let's see how the Red Eyebrows were created and what kind of end they followed.
I want to read it together
Birth and decline of the Han dynasty [Western Han]
After the fall of the Spring and Autumn Annals, when Qin was destroyed in a short period of 15 years, China returned to a period of turmoil. It was Liu Kun that put an end to this. is.
The beginning of the Red Eyebrows
Once upon a time, there was an old woman named Lumo, who runs a brewing industry in Langya County, China (now Shandong Province). Her grandmother had her only son, who was very much loved, but she was accused of a slight crime and executed by the county magistrate (renamed the county magistrate, the top of the county).
An old woman who made the prefectural government grudge in this event. She finds it difficult to avenge herself, so she looks at the boys who come to buy sake. She continued to serve alcohol and clothing for several years until her fortune was exhausted.
One day, when Romo revealed to the boys who came to return Tsuke that "my child was executed", the boys decided to take part in the katakiuchi to the prefectural government, and it swelled to thousands. The slaughter army finally defeats the prefectural governor. When she saw it, she died as if she was relieved.
Wang Mang ordered the group that had swollen to thousands, "Don't ask me because I'm a katakiuchi, but disband this group." It didn't seem to be in the situation.
From Mother Lü's turbulence to the formation of the Red Eyebrows
The boys who participated in the swollen katakiuchi army consisted of poor farmers' second sons and third sons, as well as young people without a livelihood.
These young people gathered. If the purpose is achieved, it is normal to say "dissolve immediately", but after all, the times are the times.
- Strict legal system that even small crimes can be executed
- Severe taxation
It was the members of the Ryoma Ran who felt that the negative part of the Wang Mang administration was unpleasant, so it was just a story of "let's fix the world !!".
Bandits who heard it. These bandits also have the flow of "let's join".
They also fought in various places in search of food by means of bandits, who had trouble eating and arrived in the same way as they had thrown themselves into the Roma's turbulence.
The head of this bandit is Fan Chong He was very brave. At first, the army formed by merging could only be called "the people of Karasui" in a chaotic manner, but gradually the appearance of the organization is getting better. In this way, an army organized with Fan Chong as the leader was completed.
At that time, there was a terrible famine in some parts of China, and there were many people who said, "I will participate!" The fact that there are strong people like Fan Chong also has an advertising effect, and an army of tens of thousands of people will be completed.
Wang Mang We, new Of course, this situation cannot be ignored in the dynasty.
Shin will put in 100,000 regular troops. When it comes to such a large-scale battle, it is very bad to fight without knowing the enemy and ally. So I went to dye my eyebrows red with paint thing. It is the origin of the name of the Red Eyebrows.
What is the result of the New Army vs. Red Eyebrows ...? ??
22 AD, Wang Mang Rentan under his control to subdue the Red Eyebrows And Wang Kuang I gave him 100,000 troops ... After all, by this time, the rebellion of the powerful tribes ( Lulin Army ) ) Is also one after another The new dynasty is in a difficult situation It was beginning to be placed in.
Initially, the Red Eyebrows were inferior, but the new army was forced into a series of battles because the rebellions of the Australians and farmers other than the Red Eyebrows were in agreement with the Xin and Wang Mang, Rentan .> Was killed in action on the battlefield where he headed to hit another corps after suppressing the Red Eyebrows once. Wang Kuang After that, he entered Luoyang and defended, but Luoyang fell under the control of the Lulin Army. He was later executed.
So, the Red Eyebrows became superior in the battle with Shin.
Under such circumstances, the Red Eyebrows partly invaded Hebei, and Fan Chong and others invaded Chen Ru County (currently located in the eastern part of Henan Province) and Puyang while capturing various places. However, the Red Eyebrows had few ideas such as "unification of the world", and if anything, food procurement was strong . ..
The Red Eyebrows had an advantage in the fight against Shin, but couldn't find a way to rally the rebellion.
Just around that time ...
Lulin Army mainly composed of powerful tribes Was once halved by the plague, but succeeded in forming a large-scale army by joining other forces. Tenshi ( Gengshi Emperor ), who was from the Han sect room, was among them. (I called myself) and advocated "Reconstruction of Han" and became a full-fledged hostile to Wang Mang. Unlike the Red Eyebrows, this Lulin army has a clear intention to "govern by themselves". It seems.
In September 2011, the Gengshi Emperor and other Lulin forces captured Chang'an. I also asked the Red Eyebrows, who had caused a peasant revolt, to return.
As for the Red Eyebrows, there is no problem if it becomes a world that can be eaten, and it would be good if the original Han was restored, so there is no reason to oppose the Lulin Army, and about 20 executives of the Red Eyebrows obediently follow. I am visiting the Emperor Gengshi.
The end of the breakup with the renewal government and the red eyebrows
The reign of the Gengshi Emperor begins, but the leader of the Red Eyebrows, Fan Chong, was sealed by the Ranged Marquis but was not sealed and was unable to maintain his army. Since the food was already in a state of last-minute battle, many people escaped.
Since it is an army of the agricultural democratic body, I want you to take agricultural measures, but instead of not taking agricultural measures, the Gengshi Emperor is dyed in a luxurious life.
Fan Chong and others who gave up returned to the Red Eyebrows army again, imitating the organizational system of the Lulin army and deciding the boy of Mr. Liu who will be the "flag of Han revival" by lottery and carrying it to the top, becoming a confrontational force of the Lulin army. To start the march.
On the other hand, if you look at the Lulin Army again ...
The Gengshi Emperor at the top was in a state of luxury, so the centripetal force of the Gengshi Emperor was lost within the Lulin Army. Civil war has begun with those who were originally under the control of the Gengshi Emperor and those who disagree with each other.
For the Red Eyebrows, this situation is a migratory ship, and the Gengshi Emperor, who was disadvantaged in the civil war, surrenders to the Red Eyebrows. With the help of this former subordinate, the Red Eyebrows who re-entered Chang'an succeeded in defeating the Gengshi Emperor I did.
Red Eyebrows Governance
Thousands of young people who had lost their jobs were in the war from the Roma's rebellion, and Fan Chong, who joined the group, was originally a bandit. Other farmers also merged and expanded their power, but basically it was a group of people who could not read or write letters.
He was good at combat, but as you can imagine, he lacked the ability to govern.
The Red Eyebrows, who had already had food and could not maintain the army, looted. Chang'an's wealth was quickly consumed, and as a result of the city's appearance becoming undecorated, Chang'an was abandoned. I decided to continue aiming for my hometown while wandering around again and seeking food.
The end of the Red Eyebrows
The last to subdue the Red Eyebrows that could not be ruled was to launch as an independent force in Hebei Emperor Guangwu Liu Xiu following the flow of the Lulin Army, which was crowned as is.
On the way back to his hometown, he was defeated by a general under Emperor Guangwu, and the main army led by Emperor Guangwu also decided to surrender in a two-tiered stance of ambushing. However, after surrendering once, Fan Chong and others were killed because they tried to raise troops again. The red eyebrows that rampaged in this way were to be suppressed.
Of course, the executives were not monolithic, and those who told Emperor Guangwu that they were rampaging with the desire to "return to their hometown" after the surrender are returning to their hometown and spending the rest of their lives.
The Red Eyebrows should have been set up with the purpose of "repairing the world" at first, but it seems that they have gradually been swayed by the advancement of executives.
Some people and organizations have wealth and power and can use them properly, but others may have too much. Unfortunately, the Red Eyebrows have become the latter. Liu Xiu and his colleagues, who were able to handle wealth and power appropriately, will revive Han and build a long-term dynasty again.
Liu Shu, who was following the flow of the Lulin Army and joined the Gengshi Emperor to move the army. He may have been criticized if he defeated someone who was in a higher position in the organization he was in in a world where Confucianism was important. If the Red Eyebrows did not defeat the Gengshi Emperor, Liu Xiu might not have founded the Eastern Han.