Charlemagne By Carolingian Dynasty Has reached its heyday, but split inheritance is a Frankish tradition since the generation of grandchildren. The inside is confused due to the fondness for the youngest child, which is common in other countries.
As a result, a civil war has occurred.
Eventually West Francia ・ East Francia ・ Italy Will split. This time, I will summarize the steps of each country after the division.
What happened to Italy after the division of the Frankish Kingdom?
Italy Carolingian earlier than other divided countries (875) Is cut off, a conflict over the throne is occurring, and then it falls into a state of division until modern times.
Genoa And Venice City-states such as these are famous, and I think you will hear their names quite a bit in future history.
Depending on the region
- Northern / Central:Magyar (Asian nomads) invade
- Southern:Islamic forces advance
- The entire island of Sicily is under control
- Sicily-based coastal areas are often attacked
As they continued to be exposed to foreign enemies in this way, the inhabitants began to defend themselves.
- Village:To create a defensive settlement with walls
- Become a base of lord rule
- City:Unity centered on the bishop
- Developing as an autonomous city in various places
Further north, Viking To come.
Viking in the era when lords and cities were separated in Italy As you can see from the table above, it seems that the difficult times in which the country tended to be disturbed continued after the division.
What happened to the East Francia after the division?
Italian Carolingian Nearly 40 years after the severance, East Francia But it's finally time for the Carolingian dynasty.
The last King of East Francia, Louis IV He succeeded his late father at the age of six, but by the time his father was alive he was already Viking . Has been suffering from the invasion of foreign enemies, such as the invasion (repelling and preventing the invasion in his father's generation).
The same is true for Louis IV's generation.
- Touhou: Hungarians (Asian nomads ← the people who plagued Italy) and Slavs
- Northern: Danes (Norman)
Activities become active and it becomes difficult to respond. Ludwig IV There was a regent group in the area, but the Margrave of Bavarian and the Duke of Rothlingen were killed in action without being able to respond.
While doing so, at the age of 17, Ludwig IV Will also die. He died at a young age, so he was cut off without his successor.
Who succeeded the East Francia after the Carolingian dynasty? ??
Ludwig IV His successor was his nephew Conrad I , who was born to Count Rheingau (Rheingau is a land in southwestern Germany) where his father's half-sister was married.> Is attached.
Kingdom of Germany with his coronation It seems that some people consider it to be the establishment of (although it was earlier that the German name was actually given).
He was the king of Germanic elections, but immediately after his coronation, the Duchy of Saxony Henry the Fowler Conflict with (and his father) and other tribal grand dukes. I have collided with the Duchy of Saxony many times.
Under such circumstances, when Conrad I fell to the brink of death, Saxony's Heinrich 1 who had been hostile for a long time, saying, "Because the power will be lost in the situation where the king and the grand dukes are in disagreement." World Was nominated as his successor.
This Henry the Fowler Will be described later Holy Roman Empire First Emperor Otto the Great Father of Kingdom of France King Hugh Capet I am also my grandfather.
* Hugh Capet will be described later in the West Francia
From Henry the Fowler (King of Germany) (wikipedia)
Henry the Fowler Suppressed the Grand Duke of the opposition, Marc in the remote areas Established (Marca Hispanica). He built a citadel and prepared for defense.
Such Henry the Fowler He has one son with his first wife and a third son and second daughter with his second wife, Matilde. One of them is Otto the Great was.
What is Otto the Great, the person who repelled the migration from East Francia?
Henry the Fowler was strongly aware that the weakening of the dynasty so far was due to the divide and rule rule. Is Otto the Great Will be nominated alone as his successor.
Henry the Fowler for two consecutive generations It seems that he was wary of the birth of a king from his family, but the Hungarians have invaded by migration. Otto the Great by repelling the Carolingian dynasty and kicking off the opponents who had been troubled since the time when the Carolingian king was The reputation of was boosted at once.
In response to this growing reputation, the Pope, who wants a stable asylum, decides to award the emperor. Thus, 962 Holy Roman Empire (There is also the idea of Charlemagne, but in Japan the idea of Otto the Great is the mainstream).
What is the West Francia after the division? ??
Charlemagne Grandson of Louis the Pious Charles the Bald , the son of Under his reign, he was in political instability in his later years. Furthermore, during this period, the invasion of Normans from the north began to intensify.
The rise of the Robertians
Charles the Bald East Francia Charles the Fat when the short-lived government of 2 to 5 years continued for his son and nephews and there was no successor Will also serve as King West Francia.
Charles the Fat He was considered "weak and incompetent" because he allowed the Normans to invade Paris, made peace through payment of money, and failed to select his successor, and his nephew. Child Arnulf Will even cause a rebellion.
* By the way, Arnulf Is the last king of the East Francia Louis IV Is my father
Charles the Fat Is abdicated in the Imperial Diet.
On the other hand, the Robertians who repelled the Normans when Paris was surrounded by the Normans. Count of Paris Oud Has grown in reputation, so Oud Is the King of West Francia.
Since this event, the Carolingians VS. Robertians have been in the West Francia. Conflict was revealed.
From the Carolingian Dynasty to the Kingdom of France
In addition, this oud The next generation of Charles the Simple from the Carolingian family Is attached, but in his place
- Norman Lolo Reconciled with
→ made him his vassal as Duke of Normandy - East Francia is destroyed
→ The aristocrats of the Pro-West Francia Lotharingia are vassals
Such an event is happening. However, Charles Seems to have had a section attached to Lotharingia (the border with the East-West Frankish Kingdom), and is disliked by the other princes of West Francia.
So, Charles the Simple Robertians for the next generation and the next generation The king continues by people from and related parties. Will the next generation have a Robertian graduate? I thought, but at that time Robertians Great Yug Choosed to go behind the scenes.
Charles the Simple in exile King Louis IV It was enthroned as.
Louis IV He wielded power as a guardian of his young son, who died. However, two years after his coronation, the Great Hugh Capet disappeared, and his eldest son Hugh Capet Has inherited his reign.
Meanwhile, in 987 Louis IV Carolingian in his grandson's generation Is cut off. The Robertian Hugh Capet , who originally had power in the West Francia Was elected King Capetian Was born.
Since then, West Francia has been Kingdom of France Will be called.