Development and division of the Frankish kingdom

While multiple nations were born after the Germanic migration, most of them survived despite the short-lived government Frank Kingdom . is.

Frank Kingdom Later Kingdom of France, Holy Roman Empire, Kingdom of Italy It will become the core and remain in medieval Europe. Today France / Germany / Italy So I can imagine that it is a powerful country.

Frank Kingdom summarized this time There was also a change of dynasties instead of the rule of only one dynasty, so I will summarize the details of each reign in another article while summarizing the general process as usual.

The beginning of the Frankish Kingdom

Franks Was on the eastern side of the Rhine Sally Livery Upper Frank Germanic faction divided into three powers is. They were Roman Empire around the 5th century Gallia I have moved to the north side of the area called.

Gaul is an area where the Celtic sect, the Gauls, lived. Currently, it includes parts of France, Belgium, Switzerland, the Netherlands, and Germany.

What is the background to the long-term administration of the Frankish Kingdom?

As can be said at any moment, France is the largest agricultural country in western Europe, and the area for agricultural land occupies 16% of the total in the EU (27 countries) (Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, France's Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Overview Reference). It is the fifth largest producer in the world.

Countries with large territories from 1st to 4th place follow (territory area China 4th, India 7th, Russia 1st, USA 3rd). France is ranked 48th in terms of territory area, so it is a great fight (from the world area ranking-from the world economy newsletter-).

Kids Ministry of Foreign Affairs, from countries with high wheat production

Places with abundant agricultural production are even more directly linked to national power in the old days. These geographical characteristics are believed to be one of the reasons why many Germanic nations survived in many short-lived governments.

There seems to be another theory that it was close to the place of origin and could invade without losing power.

Birth of the Frankish Kingdom

These are the Salian Clovis Is unified, Frank Kingdom I made. Immediately after unifying into the Frankish Kingdom, Clovis Is next to Shagrius (With Syagrius) Kingdom Conquered the Roman territory of Paris (486).

Continue to Clovis Defeated the Alemanni, Burgundians, and Visigoths (West Goths to the north of the Pyrenees) and formed an alliance with the royal family of the Ostrogothic Kingdom through the marriage of his sister, and also married the Princess of the Burgundian Kingdom. We will also strengthen our feet.

After the conquest, I went to Catholic . Athanasius established as the basic doctrine of It was a conversion to (496).

Gallia Conquest ... So, originally, there were many Romans.

Christianity Arianism who was exiled from Rome because of the difference in the doctrine of Is the mainstream Germanic Frank Kingdom as we are creating a new country Only Roman Mainstream Athanasius The more you convert to, the easier it is to accept new domination.

* It seems that the Franks worshiped the god of nature. Athanasius And Arian For more information, see "Establishment and Development of Christianity"

In this way, he succeeded in strengthening relations with Roman citizens and coordinating with the Roman Church, ensuring control of the entire Gallia.

Merovingian reign (481-751)

Clovis By Frank Kingdom Was born and the whole of Gallia was unified, but originally there was only a group of multiple tribes and the kingship was not so strong.

Nevertheless, he ruled a very large territory and converted to Christianity in his generation, so the Byzantine Empire Emperor Anastasius I From " Augustus Was given the title of " Consul " 』Has been appointed.

Byzantine Empire , the heir to the Roman Empire From Frank Kingdom Means that was recognized as the official ruler of Gallia.

* Original " Augustus See "[Ancient Rome] A Century of Civil War". In addition, " Augustus Is " dignity " Is a word that means.

Such Clovis He also died in 511. Shortly before his death he held a council and Frank Kingdom But Arian In addition to discussing how to deal with this as a heretic, Merovingian dynasty It is said that discussions were also held on the organization of the church system in Japan.

Thus Frank Kingdom And church The distance to and was getting closer and closer.

The decline of the Merovingian dynasty

Frankish societies are basically split inheritance Therefore, the decline will become apparent at a relatively early stage. Clovis Is Clovis with the eldest son of a woman of unknown name and the son of a queen (there were four, but the eldest child was actually three because he died early). I divided the territory of.

It goes without saying that the more you divide your grandchildren and great-grandchildren, the smaller the territory and the more you lose power. Gallia There are times when one person unifies, but the Merovingian dynasty develops into internal conflict in the process of unification. Will decline.

Merovingian dynasty Mayor of the Palace , who manages the administration and finances, came to have the real power within the administration in the process of losing power. It was (Kyusai). It was the Carolingian who had the power as this palace. is.

Islamic world, Umayyad Caliphate advance into Europe

Merovingian dynasty Lose power Mayor of the palace Frank Kingdom In the southeast of Japan, a new world was being born that would replace the ancient Near Eastern world.

Because Judaism in the early 7th century And Christianity New Islam from the influence of Was born and began to infiltrate the Middle East, and some Arabs controlled the army by Islam.

The Middle East is a rich land where ancient civilization was born. Conquest of "Fertile Crescent" ( Jihad =The holy war) began to take place.

Sasanian in these battles Was defeated, and in 661 the Umayyad Caliphate Is born.

By the 8th century Umayyad Became politically stable and expanded its territory. We will start expanding to the northwestern India to the east, North Africa to the west, and even Europe.

Visigothic Kingdom on the Iberian Peninsula Was destroyed in 711 and finally crossed the Pyrenees into Frank's territory, and in 732 the Battle of Tours-Poitiers Outbreak.

Mayor of the Palace at this time Was Charles Martel Leads the Knights to victory Umayyad Is being repelled.

From the Battle of Tours-Poitiers (wikipedia)
It seems that it is displayed in one of the highlights of the Palace of Versailles, "The Corridor of War History"

At this time, Charles Martel Not only saved the crisis of the Frankish kingdom, but also saved the crisis of Christianity. As a result, with the support of the Roman Church and the Pope, the Carolingian is finally here. The power of was enormous.

Carolingian reign (around 751-987)

Mayor of the Palace Charles Martel Son of Pepin the Short (Small Pepin) 751 Pope Zachary With the consent of (reigned 741-752), the Merovingian dynasty, the last emperor Childeric III (Reigned 742-753) was abolished.

From Childeric III (wikipedia)

That Childeric III Was imprisoned in a monastery with his son, Pepin the Short Was the Carolingian to the throne himself It is the beginning of.

The Franks at that time had no surname, and Caroling The name (translated to mean "Charlemagne") is the great emperor " Charlemagne " that appears later. ] Is the origin.

Establishment of the Papal States by Donation of Pepin

Pepin the Short The act of taking the throne on his own is nothing more than robbery from the perspective of others. He wanted to justify even a little because he would make an excuse to take advantage of.

At the same time as he decided to get the consent of the Pope, he was given a ritual to admit that he was a legitimate throne after his son.

In return, Pepin the Short Made an Italian campaign (754,756) and Lombards Deprived him of his territory and dedicated the Ravenna pentapolis region to the Pope. This is the famous " Donation of Pepin "is.

Thus Italy is Papal States Was established, and the church and the Frank Kingdom The relationship has deepened.

Reign of Charlemagne (768-814)

Carolingian Dynasty Speaking of the person to be noted in, after all Charlemagne (Reigned 768-814, Charles I , Charles Manu Also called).

Pepin the Short , the king (the founder and hero of Germany and France) who became a major change in the medieval European world and the way the Roman Church should be. I'm the son of.

Pepin the Short The Frankish divide and rule continued even in the era of Pepin the Short . Karl after his death And his younger brother Karlman divided the kingdom into two and co-governed. It seems that the relationship between the two brothers was not very good.

Frank Kingdom to its heyday

Pepin the Short His younger brother, Karlman, died about three years after his father's death. Karl relics as his wife and child (his brother) went into exile in the Kingdom of the Lombards. Is a joint Frank Kingdom It is the king of the whole area.

The curl that succeeded this Was a very strong king. Lombards Conquest, Saxony Avars of Asian descent, not just obedience to And Islamic forces on the Iberian Peninsula Is also repelled.

Meanwhile, at a similar time, Roman Church And Pope Is Byzantine Empire The capital of Constantinople Church at your knees I was in a delicate relationship over the top position.

Western Roman Empire Roman Church was absent from asylum due to the collapse of Is the heir to Rome because it is based in Western Europe Byzantine Empire Although I was influenced by, I was in a state where I managed to come.

Among them Roman Empire Arianism The nation is crowded with many Germanic people. Roman Church because the situation was a little unsatisfactory to appeal for the leadership of the church. Begins to seek out potential asylum-seekers. There Charles I Leading Frank Kingdom Is Byzantine Empire It was a powerful country that was on par with.

* I will omit the details of the politics that led to the reign of Charlemagne and the details of the coronation in a separate article.

Frank Kingdom Was originally formed by conquering the kingdom established by the Germanic peoples who invaded the place where the Romans were. The ease of organizing a country will change. Frank Kingdom It wasn't a bad story for me either.

So, 800 years. Charles I Is a Roman Church From (West) Crowned as Roman Emperor It has been.

Roman Church Is Frank Kingdom Succeeded in completely getting out of the influence of the Byzantine Empire by strengthening the relationship with. We have increased the presence of the Roman-Christian church in Western Europe.

Frank Kingdom For us, the Western European medieval world is a fusion of ancient Roman culture with Christian and Germanic culture. It will create the world of, and has maintained its influence for a long time (even after the death of the Frankish Kingdom).

Division of the Frankish Kingdom

Charles I Is Frank Kingdom The heyday of the Germanic people was built up, but here too the Germanic customs stood out.

Charles I Louis the Pious because many of his sons died prematurely (Louis) inherited alone, but Louis Divide and rule was carried out in the lifetime of the child.

Louis Rotar Pippin Ludwig II Besides the second after Charles (Later Charles the Bald) was also born. This youngest Charles The three revolt against their father because of their devotion to.

This kind of confusion is Frank Kingdom Pippin in what's happening inside ・ Father's Louis Died one after another. As a result of the conflict including the remaining three people and their children, the Verdun Treaty ・ Treaty of Meerssen Was tied.

The empire was divided into three

• Central Italy (+ Throne):Rotar
• East Francia :Ludwig II
• West Francia :Charles II

A treaty signed by the death of Rotar and the battle between Rotar's son and Ludwig Charles.

• East Francia
• West Francia
• Kingdom of Italy

Middle Francia splits It was annexed to the Frankish kingdoms of the east and west except for northern Italy.

By repeating such divisions and integrations, the foundations of France, Germany, and Italy were built.

I will summarize the events that occurred in each country after the division in a separate article.