1. Darkness: Crystal caves are typically located deep underground, with minimal natural light. This made it difficult for Fisher to capture well-lit photographs without using artificial lighting.
2. Water: Crystal caves often contain water, either in the form of pools, streams, or dripping water. This water created the risk of damaging Fisher's camera equipment and posed a safety hazard. To address these challenges, Fisher used specialized lighting techniques and carefully planned his shots to minimize the impact of darkness and water.