- Gold, silver, copper, timber
- Plants: tomatoes, potatoes, corn, tobacco
- Animals: cattle, horses, pigs
- Rubber trees
- Quinine
People
- Hundreds of independent and interconnected empires, nations, city states, chiefdoms, and tribes. Some of the most well known include:
- Aztec Empire
- Inca Empire
- Maya civilization
- Cherokee
- Iroquois
- Apache
Cultures
- A variety of complex and sophisticated cultures
- Religious traditions
- Political systems
- Social structures
- Artistic achievements
Cities
- Mexico City
- Cusco
Technology
- Aqueducts
- Advanced agricultural practices
- Astronomy and mathematics
- Calendars
- Irrigation
- Road networks
- Architecture