Mathematics
The Mesopotamians developed a complex system of mathematics based on the number 60. This system was used for everything from counting and measuring to astronomy and engineering. The Mesopotamians also invented the concept of zero, which was a major breakthrough in mathematics.
Astronomy
The Mesopotamians were also skilled astronomers. They made detailed observations of the stars, planets, and sun. They also developed a calendar that was based on the movements of the stars and planets. The Mesopotamian calendar was used throughout the Middle East for centuries.
The mathematical and astronomical knowledge of the Mesopotamians was passed on to the Greeks, who then passed it on to the Romans. This knowledge eventually formed the basis of Western mathematics and astronomy.