Petroleum is a naturally occurring, flammable liquid found in the Earth's crust. It is commonly known as crude oil or simply oil. Petroleum is composed of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons, along with other compounds such as sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen. It is formed when organic materials, such as the remains of ancient plants and animals, are subjected to high pressure and temperature over millions of years.
Petroleum is a valuable natural resource because it is used to produce a wide range of products, including gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, heating oil, and plastics. It is also used as a raw material in the production of fertilizers, pesticides, and other chemicals.
Due to its importance as a source of energy and raw materials, petroleum is often referred to as "black gold." This term highlights its economic value and its significance in powering industries and economies around the world.