Exercises on National Convention in the French Revolution

One ​​of the main features of the so-called National Convention, which followed the first moments of the French Revolution, which began in 1789, was:

a) the easing of political and social tensions.

b) complete dominance of the political process by the Girondins.

c) the political articulation between nobility and clergy against the bourgeoisie.

d) the revolutionary radicalization of the Jacobins.

e) the formation of a centralist government commanded by the mountain people.

(Cesgranrio) The French Revolution is part of a set of profound historical transformations that took place in European society in the second half of the 18th century. The stages of the revolutionary process, between 1789 and 1799, expressed the social conflicts and the different political projects of the different groups involved in the Revolution. Tick ​​the option that correctly relates the performance of one of these groups to a stage in the revolutionary process.

a) The armed reaction of the monarchist (refractory) clergy against the revolutionaries determined the institution of the Civil Constitution of the Clergy, in 1790, which guaranteed the payment of indemnities and the return of their properties confiscated at the beginning of the Revolution.

b) The prolonged maintenance of the Period of Terror, instituted by the monarchists, determined the defeat of the revolutionary segments led by the "sans-culottes" in the face of the Coup of the 18th Brumaire, in 1799, which elevated Napoleon Bonaparte to the direction of the Committee of Public Safety.

c) The liberal bourgeoisie defined its model of State with the promulgation of the First Constitution of France, in 1791, during the National Assembly, which established a constitutional monarchy based on census suffrage and the division of powers State in executive, legislative and judiciary.

d) The extremist Jacobins, formed by the Parisian and provincial nobility, returned to power with the Thermidorian Convention, between 1794 and 1795, nullifying several revolutionary achievements, such as the Maximum Price Law and the Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen.

e) The peasants, represented by the Girondino Party, formed a powerful faction, whose popular support allowed them to politically control the Revolution during the Mountain Convention phase, between 1793 and 1794, in which they abolished feudal privileges. and slavery in French colonial territories.

Read the poem below and then mark the correct alternative:

Holy Guillotine, protector of patriots, pray for us;
Holy Guillotine, terror of aristocrats, protect us.
Lovely machine, have mercy on us.
Admirable machine, have mercy on us.
Holy Guillotine, deliver us from our enemies.

O celestial Guillotine,
You abbreviate queens and kings,
By your divine influence We regained our rights. (bis)
Uphold the laws of the country And may your superb instrument
Always become permanent
To destroy an ungodly sect.
Sharpen thy blade for Pitt and his agents,
Enrich your luggage with tyrant's heads!

(ARASSE, Daniel. The Guillotine and the Imaginary of Terror . São Paulo:Ática, 1989. p. 106-107.)

This poem refers to the Revolutionary Terror phase, carried out by the Jacobins during the French Revolution. The line “Sharpen thy blade for Pitt and his agents” is addressed to the historical character:

a) François Pitt, Jacobin considered a traitor for escaping King Louis XVI.

b) William Pitt, Prime Minister of England.

c) Saint-Just Pitt, a noble counterrevolutionary officer.

d) Charlotte Corday, Marat's assassin and known by the nickname “Pitt”.

e) Maria Louise of Habsburg, also known as Countess of Pitt.

(Cesgranrio) During the French Revolution, the radicalization, typical of the "Epoch of the Convention" (1792-5), was characterized by:

a) Promulgation of the "Universal Declaration of the Rights of Man";

b) approval of the "civil constitution of the clergy" by Louis XVI;

c) institution of a democratic political and social regime - the Directory;

d) creation of revolutionary courts and the abolition of manorial rights;

e) pacification of Europe, starting from the peace between France and England.

Letter D

The phase of the National Convention was commanded by the Jacobins, who used political terror, materialized in the successive executions by the guillotine. Among the victims of revolutionary radicalization were the King of France, Louis XVI, and the Queen, Marie Antoinette.

Letter C

The form of institutionalization of the French Revolution that preceded the phase of the National Convention was the Constitutional Monarchy, begun in 1791. This form of government also sought to reconcile the interests of the nobility with those of the high bourgeoisie.

Letter B

William Pitt was the prime minister of England throughout the French Revolution and part of the Napoleonic Era. Although he was initially enthusiastic about the revolution, over time he took a stand against it, when revolutionary terror began in 1894. Pitt was responsible for unleashing several military offensives against the French colonies at the time, arousing the hatred of the Jacobins. .

Letter D

The Jacobin terror, which characterized the phase of the National Convention, installed revolutionary tribunals that decided the fate of their opponents and killed them on the guillotine. Furthermore, this phase radicalized the political process of the Revolution, cutting the privileges of the French nobility, such as manorial rights, which went back to the economic practices of feudalism.