(Unirio)
Robespierre - What's going on here?
III Citizen - What could happen? It happens that those few drops of blood from August and September did not make the cheeks of the people blush. The guillotine moves very slowly. We need a good downpour!
I Citizen- Our women and children cry out for bread; we want to feed them with the meat of the aristocracy. We will! Kill those who don't have a holey coat! All- Kill! Woods!
(BÜCHNER, Georg. The Death of Danton. Dramatic Pictures of the Terror in France . trans. Mario da Silva, Pocket Classics, Ed. Tecnoprint S.A. s/d).
The drama, written between 1834/35, portrays the moment of the French Revolution when the Jacobins are in power, trying to sweep the "traitors" of the Revolution from France. About the period portrayed, we can say that:
a) allowed the fulfillment of popular demands and preserved the privileges of the clergy and nobility.
b) guaranteed the permanence of the high bourgeoisie (gironde) and the nobility in alliance for the defense of the revolution.
c) preserved feudal rights and guaranteed the privileges of the French nobility reconciled with bourgeois advances.
d) preserved a liberal-style Constitution and defended the census vote, guaranteeing the political participation of the bourgeoisie.
e) was the most radical moment of the revolutionary process and had wide popular participation.
question 2The Jacobin revolutionary Jean-Paul Marat was among the main characters of the French Revolution. His death in 1793 provoked a radicalization of the revolutionary process. Who was responsible for Mart's death?
a) Danton
b) Antoine de Saint-Just
c) Louis XVI
d) Charlotte of Corday
e) Napoleon Bonaparte
question 3Read the text and then answer:
Citizens, betraying the cause of the people and our own conscience, abandoning our homeland to all the disorders that the slowness of this process must excite, this is the only danger we must fear. It is time for us to overcome the fatal obstacle that has held us back for so long at the beginning of our careers. Thus, without a doubt, we will march together towards the common goal of public happiness. In this way, the hateful passions, which so often sway in this sanctuary of liberty, will give way to love for the public good, to the holy emulation of the friends of the country. All projects of the enemies of public order will be vexed
In this speech by Robespierre, delivered in 1792, expressions such as “the common objective of public happiness” and “all projects of the enemies of public order will be vexed” indicate:
a) the will of the aristocracy to make their goods public and the struggle of the Jacobins against the clergy.
b) the desire of the Jacobins to ally themselves with the clergy and the perspective of the French against other republican nations.
c) the desire of the Jacobins to defend the citizen republic and the radicalization of the phase of the revolutionary Terror.
d) the desire for power of the French anarchists and the fight against the pressure exerted by the USSR.
e) King Louis XVI's willingness to collaborate with revolutionary aspirations and the prospect of combating the absolutist powers that were contrary to these aspirations.
question 4(Enem 2010) In our country we want to replace selfishness with morality, honor with probity, uses with principles, convenience with duties, the tyranny of fashion with the empire of reason , contempt for misfortune for contempt for vice, insolence for pride, vanity for greatness of soul, the love of money for the love of glory, good company for good people, intrigue for merit, the witty for genius, brilliance for the truth, the tedium of voluptuousness for the charm of happiness, the pettiness of the great for the greatness of man. (Apud. HUNT, L. French Revolution and Private Life. In:PERROT, M. (Org.) History of Private Life:from the French Revolution to the First World War. Vol. 4. São Paulo:Companhia das Letras, 1991 [adapted] )
Robespierre's speech of February 5, 1794, of which the transcribed excerpt is a part, relates to which of the political-social groups involved in the French Revolution?
a) To the upper bourgeoisie, who wanted to participate in the French legislative power as a dominant political force.
b) To the French clergy, who wanted social justice and were linked to the high bourgeoisie.
c) Military members from the small and middle bourgeoisie, who defeated rival powers and wanted to reorganize France internally.
d) To the enlightened nobility, who, due to their contact with Enlightenment intellectuals, wanted to extinguish French absolutism.
e) To the representatives of the small and medium bourgeoisie and the popular layers, who wanted social justice and political rights.
answers Question 1Letter E
This was the so-called Revolutionary Terror phase. While the Jacobins were in power, the persecution of members of the aristocracy, high bourgeoisie and even other Jacobins became imperative. It was the time when the guillotine penalty was most used in France.
Question 2Letter D
Marie-Anne Charlotte de Corday was a French aristocrat. She killed the revolutionary Marat, who at the time was a member of the Convention, in his home with a stab wound to the chest while he was immersed in a bathtub.
Question 3Letter C
The Jacobins undertook to accelerate the revolutionary process in France, especially after Marat's death. In Robespierre's words, it is possible to perceive the clear defense of republican desires and the radical turn that was about to be taken against the “enemies of public order”. This turn became known as the Terror Phase.
Question 4Letter E
Robespierre, like other Jacobin leaders, such as Marat and Saint-Just, was one of the main articulators of the mass of people who lived in France at the revolutionary time. His speeches inflamed these popular layers and incited them to fight the aristocracy, the clergy and the French high bourgeoisie.