(FGV-RJ) Read the excerpt from the song below to answer the question:
Until the philosophy that sustains a race
Top and bottom
Be finally and permanently discredited and abandoned,
There will be war, I say, war.
(...)
Until the ignoble and unhappy regimes,
Who imprison our brothers in Angola, in Mozambique,
South Africa, in inhumane conditions,
If they are overthrown and entirely destroyed, there will be
War, I said, war.
(...)
Until that day, the African continent
You will not know peace, we Africans will fight,
If necessary, and we know we will win,
Because we are confident of victory
From good to evil,
From good to evil...
War. Bob Marley, 1976.
The song War was composed by Bob Marley from the speech given by the Emperor of Ethiopia, Haile Selassié (1892-1975), in 1936, at the League of Nations. The speech ideas, present in the lyrics of the song above, are associated:
a) Social Darwinism, which proposed African superiority over other human races.
b) Futurism, which enshrined the idea of war as the hygiene and renewal of the world.
c) Pan-Africanism, which defended the existence of a common identity for black Africans and their descendants.
d) Zionism, which argued that Emperor Selassie was a descendant of King Solomon and the Queen of Sheba and should assume the government of Israel.
e) Apartheid, which defended white superiority and the policy of racial segregation in South Africa.
question 2(UFSM-RS) "The first thing, therefore, is to say to yourselves:I will no longer accept the role of a slave. I will not obey orders as such, but I will disobey when they are in conflict with my conscience. The so-called master may whisper to you and try to force you to serve him. You will say:No, I will not serve you for your money or under threat. That may involve suffering. Your readiness in suffering will light the torch of freedom that can never be extinguished." (Mahatma Gandhi)
In:MOTA, Myriam; BRAICK, Patricia. History of caves to the Third Millennium. São Paulo:Moderna, 2005. p.615.
“It will light the torch of freedom that can never be extinguished” are the words of Mahatma Gandhi (1869-1948) that, in the context of the Cold War, inspired movements such as
a) the intensification of the dispute over nuclear weapons between the USA and the USSR, aiming at the use of the nuclear arsenal as an instrument of deterrence and mitigation of disputes.
b) the reaction of European colonialist countries aimed at reducing the power of the UN General Assembly and strengthening the power of the Secretary General and the Security Council.
c) unilateral concessions of independence to colonies that agreed to form economic, political and strategic alliances with their former metropolises, such as the British Commonwealth of Nations and the Francophone Union.
P>d) the reinforcement of the “apartheid” regime in South Africa which, after arresting the leader Nelson Mandela and sentencing him to life imprisonment, sought to expand racial segregation to the neighboring countries such as Rhodesia and Namibia.
e) the political, economic and military non-alignment with the USA or the USSR, a decision taken by the Third World countries gathered at the Bandung Conference, in Indonesia.
question 3The massive use of defoliants “intended to devastate the vegetation cover, to prevent the adversary from camouflaging itself, and to destroy the crops to starve the populations and the combatants. The second objective was explicit:as guerrilla operations depended closely on local crops for their supply, anti-plant agents had a high offensive potential to destroy or limit food production.”
GRENDEU, Francis. Who Makes the Chemical Wars. Le Monde Diplomatique, January 1, 2006.
The text above refers to tactics used in a war inserted in the context of Afro-Asian Decolonization. Which conflict does the text refer to?
a) The Indonesian War of Independence.
b) The war for the liberation of Algeria.
c) The Vietnam War.
d) The Congo separatist war.
e) The struggle for the formation of the Palestinian State.
question 4Read below an excerpt from an interview given by militant Henri Alleg about his book “The Question”, referring to the imprisonment and torture suffered during the struggle for Algeria's independence against France.
The appearance of the book in 1958 unleashed the fury of the French authorities. Hence the decision to seize him. At that time, police and CRS suddenly arrived, in the middle of the night, at Barberousse prison. They started with a warning:“All in fur!”. In the prison, there were rooms with, in general, a hundred prisoners, and individual cells designed for one person, but crammed with several detainees. I was with two friends. The police first brought the prisoners out of the rooms. The guys went out into the courtyard naked with a blanket behind their backs. As for the other prisoners, they lined them up in the corridor leading to the cells, hands in the air, leaning against the walls. I was like that too, with my hands in the air. Meanwhile, special teams of police in black uniforms, machine guns at the back, were emptying the cells. They were looking for documents. We each had letters, addressed to families or lawyers. They took everything. (...) Behind me, I heard an Algerian who, in a low voice, questioned the raid. I told him they had seized the documents. He replied, chuckling softly, "Maybe they'll look for a second question (Question)." He didn't know who I was. This has inspired me. He had learned, through his lawyer, that this testimony made a hell of a racket out there.
(Taken from Humanite .fr )
Algeria gained its independence in 1962 after a bloody struggle against the French. Other French colonization countries achieved negotiated independence and were included in the so-called French Community, with the exception of:
a) Republic of Cameroon.
b) Senegal.
c) Mali.
d) Madagascar.
e) Guinea.
answers Question 1Letter C . Pan-Africanism was an ideology that emerged in some sectors of societies in several African countries that expressed an attempt to unify the continent's populations around a common identity.
Question 2Letter E . The struggle for decolonization and the independence of African and Asian countries also resulted in opposition to the imperialist policies of both the US and the USSR, giving rise to the so-called Non-Aligned Movement, which involved the so-called Third World.
Question 3Letter C . It was in the Vietnam War that the US used a large amount of chemical weapons to try to defeat the guerrillas they faced. Despite all the atrocities committed, the Vietnamese managed to defeat the Americans.
Question 4Letter E . Guinea was opposed to participation in the French Community, as such participation would maintain the bonds of domination created during colonization.