Exercises on the Stalin government

(PUC-SP) The Soviet State, formed after the Russian Revolution, took care of purging from the culture of this country any and all artistic manifestations that were, in the opinion of the authorities, associated with the so-called “bourgeois spirit”. A cultural policy was then created that decreed as official art only those expressions that served as a stimulus for the ideology of the proletariat. In this way, a style known as:

1. Soviet expressionism – which, through an intimate aesthetic orientation, sought to expose the “restless soul of the Slavic peoples”, who became part of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
2. proletarian abstractionism – which, through the geometric decomposition of the real, expressed the “synchronous ordering of communist society”.
3. socialist realism – which, through aesthetically simplified didactic compositions, sought to extol the “combativeness, work capacity and social conscience” of the Soviet people.
4. communist romanticism – which, through a merely suggestive figurativism, sought to realize the “idealization of the muzhik”, the typical Russian peasant, as a representative of Russian cultural roots.
5. Worker concretism – which, through an autonomous creative conception – not resulting from models – used visual and tactile elements, with the aim of showing the “prevalence of the concrete over the abstract” – a basic idea of ​​dialectical materialism.

(PUCSP) The dispute for power in the Soviet Union between Trotsky and Stalin, after the death of Lenin, in 1924, had as its axis the discussion about:

1. the expansion or not of the socialist world revolution as a way of internally consolidating the regime.
2. the question of the autonomy of the nationalities of White Russia.
3. the proposals to prioritize social investments over the needs of industrialization.
4. the extinction of the five-year plans, especially those relating to collectivization.
5. the power of soldiers' and peasants' soviets in provincial administration.

The October Revolution had annulled privileges, declared war on social discrimination, replaced democracy with workers' self-government, abolished secret diplomacy; he had endeavored to give the most complete transparency to all social relations. Stalinism restored the most offensive forms of privilege, gave inequality a provocative character, smothered the spontaneous activity of the masses with police absolutism, made administration a monopoly of the Kremlin oligarchy, resuscitated the fetishism of power in ways that the absolutist monarchy itself could not. even had the courage to dream.

TROTSKY, Leon. Morals and Revolution . Rio de Janeiro:Peace and Earth, 1978, p. 31.

Reading the excerpt from Trotsky's text, added to his knowledge of Stalin's government in the USSR, indicate the incorrect alternative :

1. Stalinist politics and administration created an immense bureaucratic machine that exploited the Russian working class through control of the economy and politics.
2. His performance was also marked by the construction of “socialism in one country”.
3. Almost all the former members of the Bolshevik party were killed, in one way or another, by order of Stalin, except Trotsky himself.
4. In the economic aspect, Stalinist policy provided significant industrial growth after the implementation of the first five-year plan.
5. In the agricultural sector, the main measure adopted by Stalin was the nationalization of peasant lands, especially the rich peasants, the kulaks.

The USSR's military action against Nazi forces was decisive for the end of the Second World War. In this sense, the victory at the Battle of:

1. Leningrad.
2. Moscow.
3. Petrograd.
4. Stalingrad.
5. from Normandy.

Letter C . Socialist realism also intended to prevent criticism of the Soviet regime from arising through an artistic production not supervised by the State.

Letter A . One of the main reasons for the dispute between the two Bolshevik leaders was rooted in Stalin's defense of the "revolution in one country" against Trotsky's defense of the "permanent revolution", which foresaw an international expansion of the Revolution.

Letter C . Almost all former Bolshevik party members were killed on Stalin's orders, including Leon Trotsky, who was murdered in 1940 while in exile in Mexico.

Letter D . It was the Soviet victory at the Battle of Stalingrad that represented the beginning of the defeat of Nazi forces on the eastern front.