William's Tactical Prowess: William, the Duke of Normandy, displayed exceptional tactical skill throughout the battle. His positioning of troops and his use of cavalry charges against the English shield wall played a crucial role in breaking the Anglo-Saxon defenses.
Technological Superiority: The Norman army was better equipped and organized than the English forces. Their armor and weapons were more advanced, and they had a disciplined, professional army that had gained valuable experience in previous campaigns.
Weakness in Anglo-Saxon Leadership: King Harold made several tactical errors during the battle. He chose a defensive position on a hill but failed to fortify his flanks adequately, leaving them vulnerable to Norman cavalry attacks. Furthermore, Harold's decision to divide his army by sending a contingent to counter a feigned Norman retreat proved disastrous.
Death of King Harold: The turning point of the battle occurred when King Harold was killed. With their leader fallen, the Anglo-Saxon morale plummeted, and the army began to crumble.
Disintegration of Anglo-Saxon Resistance: After Harold's death, the English resistance gradually collapsed. The Norman cavalry pursued and scattered the retreating English soldiers, securing the Norman victory.
In summary, the most important reasons for the result of the Battle of Hastings were William's tactical prowess, the technological superiority of the Norman army, weaknesses in Anglo-Saxon leadership, the death of King Harold, and the subsequent disintegration of Anglo-Saxon resistance. These factors combined to bring about the Norman conquest of England and the establishment of the Norman dynasty.