Question 01 - UFF 2000 - Pero Vaz de Caminha's Letter, written in 1500, is considered one of the founding documents of Terra Brasilis and reflects, in its text, general values ​​of Renaissance culture, among which stands out:(A) the view of the Indian as belonging to the non-religious universe, taking into account its anthropophagy; (B) information on the prejudices developed by the Renaissance regarding the impossibility of forming a modern Catholic civilization in the tropics; (C) the identification of the New World as an area of ​​failure due to the high temperature that would allow nothing to be produced; (D) the observation of the nature and man of the New World as a result of the experience of the new vision of man, characteristic of the 15th century; (E) the consideration of nature and man as inferior to what was designed by God in Genesis.
Question 02 - UVA 2004.1 - For a long time it was thought that Brazil had been discovered by chance. Currently, casuality is no longer accepted, but intentionality. It is not proof of intentionality:A) Portugal's insistence on the Treaty of Tordesillas. B) the skill of the Portuguese in navigation. C) the lack of surprise in Pero Vaz Caminha's letter. D) deviation from the route due to a storm.
Question 03 - FAMERP 2016 - The Captain-General asked everyone if it seemed right for us to send the news of the finding of this land to Your Highness via the supply ship, so that he could better find out and know more about it than we could now know, as we were going on our voyage. And it was all or most said that it would be fine. He asked further if it would be well to take a couple of these men here by force to send them to Your Highness and leave two of these degraded here for them. To this they agreed that it was not necessary to take men by force because they are people that no one understands. (Pero Vaz de Caminha. Letter to the King Dom Manuel on the discovery of Brazil, 1974. Adapted.) Pero Vaz de Caminha's letter to the King of Portugal, dated May 1, 1500, reveals a) the neglect navigators, as well as the Portuguese crown, towards a territory densely populated by indigenous people. b) the need for measures to expand knowledge of the land, considering that the Portuguese fleet should set out on a new course. c) the lack of knowledge of indigenous societies about regions that are too far from the coast. d) the intention of the Portuguese crown to colonize the newly discovered land with prisoners and political and religious dissidents. e) the impossibility of exploiting indigenous labor in the extraction of resources and abundant wealth on the coast.
Question 04 - UNICAMP 2011 - In a letter to King Manuel, Pero Vaz de Caminha narrated the first contacts between the indigenous and the Portuguese in Brazil:“When they came, the captain had a very large gold necklace around his neck. One of them looked at the Captain's necklace, and began waving his hand towards the earth, and then towards the necklace, as if to tell us that there was gold in the earth. Another saw some white rosary beads and was waving at the earth and again at the beads and the Captain's necklace, as if to say they would give gold for that. This we took in that sense, as we wished! But if he meant that he would take the beads and the necklace, we did not want to understand this, because we were not going to give it to him!” (Adapted from Leonardo Arroyo, A letter by Pero Vaz de Caminha. São Paulo:Melhoramentos; Rio de Janeiro:INL, 1971, p. 72-74.) This excerpt from Caminha's letter allows us to conclude that the contact between indigenous cultures and European was a) favored by the interest that both parties showed in carrying out commercial transactions:the indigenous would integrate themselves into the colonization system, supplying the trading posts, focused on the pau-brasil trade, and mixing with the colonizers. b) guided by the discoverers' interest in exploring the new land, mainly through the extraction of wealth, an interest that was placed above the understanding of the indigenous culture, which would be almost decimated along with this population. c) facilitated by the docility of the indigenous people, who joined the discoverers in the exploration of the new land, enabling a colonial system based on the enslavement of native peoples, which would lead to the destruction of their culture. d) marked by the colonizers' need to obtain raw materials for their industries and expand the consumer market for their industrial production, which led to the search for colonies and the cultural integration of native populations.
Question 00 - Mackenzie 2018/ 2 - “(...) On this day, in the hours of the eve, we saw land! First from a hill, very high and round; and other lower ridges to the south of it; and flat land, with large groves:the captain named the high mountain – Monte Pascoal, and the land – Terra de Vera Cruz.” WALKS, Pero Vaz de. "Letter. In:Freitas a el -rei D. Manuel”.In FREITAS, Gustavo de. 900 texts and history documents. Lisbon:Plátano, 1986. V. II, p. 99-100. The text above is part of the letter from the scribe, Pero Vaz de Caminha, crew member aboard Pedro Álvarez Cabral's fleet, to the Portuguese king D. Manuel, narrating the discovery of Brazil. This maritime expedition can be understood in the socioeconomic context of the time, as a) an attempt to obtain new lands, on the European continent, to yield to the Portuguese nobles, impoverished by the decline of feudalism, verified throughout the 14th century. b) consolidation of the power of the Church with the Iberian Monarchies, interested both in repressing the Muslim advance in the Mediterranean, and in Christianizing the natives of the New Continent. c) search for gold and silver on the American coast, to supply the shortage of precious metals in Europe, which jeopardized the continuity of trade with the East. d) conquest of the Brazilian coast and its occupation, guaranteeing that the Portuguese crown would take possession of the territories granted to it, by the Treaty of Tordesilhas, in 1494. e) official takeover of the lands guaranteed to Portugal, by the agreement of Tordesilhas, and the exclusive control of the Atlantic route, giving them access to the lucrative spice trade.
FEEDBACK 01 - Letter D.02 - Letter D.03 - Letter B.04 - Letter B.05 - Letter E.