Question 01 - UFMG 2005 - Read this passage:... we are neither Indians nor Europeans, but an intermediary species between the legitimate owners of the continent and the Spanish usurpers:in short, being Americans by birth and our rights those of Europe, we have to dispute these with those of the country and to remain in it against the invasion of the invaders – we are thus in the most extraordinary and complicated situation. BOLIVAR, Simon. Letter from Jamaica, 1815. In writing this text, the author refers to the ambiguous situation of the a. criollos, formed in the European tradition, but identified with the New Continent. B. American black slaves, who lost their cultural ties to Africa. ç. freed mulattoes born in America, divided between different cultural traditions. d. cholos, indigenous educated by Europeans, far from their original identity roots. and. chapettones, whites born in Europe but residing in America.
Question 02 - UVA 2007.1 - “I swear it for the love of the God of my parents. I swear to them. I swear on my honor and I swear on my country that I will not give rest to my arm, nor rest to my soul, until the chains that oppress us by the will of the Spanish power have broken! “This commitment was assumed by Simon Bolivar, the Liberator, who coordinated the military campaigns responsible for the independence of five South American countries:A. Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, Chile and Bolivia.B. Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia. C. Ecuador, Chile, Bolivia, Paraguay and Colombia.D. Suriname, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru.
Question 03 - UECE-CEV - 2015 - The National Congress of Lima, the capital of Peru, is located in Plaza Bolivar. The main square in Bogotá, capital of Colombia, has the same name:Plaza Bolivar. Bolivia was named after Simon Bolivar. About Simón Bolívar, it can be correctly stated that A) he led a movement in favor of the independence of South America and idealized a continental unit called Gran Colombia that broke up into republics. B) fought alongside José de San Martín, in Argentina, and Bernardo O'Higgins, in Chile, for the liberation of these countries from Spanish rule. C) was a revolutionary creator of Venezuelan nationalism and led the Bolivarian Revolution. D) was a convinced monarchist; therefore, he advocated the centralization of power, for an emancipated America.
Question 04-VUNESP-2014-UNESP - It was the end. General Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Bolívar y Palacios was leaving for good. He had wrested from Spanish rule an empire five times the size of Europe, he had led twenty years of wars to keep it free and united, and he had ruled it with a firm hand until the previous week, but at the time of departure he had not even taken consolation of believing in him. The only one who had enough lucidity to know that he was actually leaving, and where he was going, was the English diplomat, who wrote in an official report to his government:“The time he has left is barely enough to reach the tomb.” (Gabriel García Márquez. The general in his labyrinth, 1989.) The profile of Simón Bolívar, presented in the text, emphasizes some of his main achievements, but it must be relativized, since Bolívar(A) was an important political leader, but never performed military activities in the process of independence of Hispanic America.(B) he was successful in the fight against the British and North American presence in Hispanic America, but he never managed to defeat the Spanish colonizers.(C) he defended the total unity of the Americas, but he was never successful as a military commander in the struggles for independence of the former Spanish colonies.(D) he had a decisive political and military role in the struggle for independence in Hispanic America, but he never ruled the entirety of the former Spanish colonies. (E) he acted in the process of emancipation of Hispanic America, but he never held any political office in the new national states.
Question 05 - UNIFENAS 2017/1 - Simón José Antonio de la Santíssima Trinidad Bolívar y Palacios, better known as Simón Bolívar, El Libertador, is the central character of the novel The General in His Labyrinth, by renowned Colombian writer Gabriel Garcia Márquez. Imbued with the doctrines of Rousseau, Montesquieu and Voltaire, Bolívar dedicated his life to “breaking the chain with which the Spanish power oppresses us”. Fascinated by the general who once dreamed of a unified and free Latin America, stretching from Mexico to Tierra del Fuego, Garcia Márquez portrays Bolivar's journey in the book, both physically and spiritually. When we recognize the influence of thinkers such as Rousseau, Montesquieu and Voltaire in the formation of Simòn Bolívar, we recognize in him an influence of the doctrine) Marxist.b) Theological.c) Anarchist.d) Monroist.e) Enlightenment.
Question 06 - UECE-CEV - 2018 - There are several leaders whose names are associated with the emancipation of different Latin American countries, such as José de San Martín, in Argentina; Bernardo O'Higgins, in Chile, as well as Francisco José de Paula Santander, in Colombia, but none of them has the undeniable prestige of the main leader expressed in the figure of A) Che Guevara.B) Fidel Castro.C) Simón Bolívar. D) Pedro de Valdivia.
Question 07 - UNESP/2013 - It is a grandiose idea to try to form a single nation from the entire New World with a single bond that links the parts with each other and with the whole. Since it has a single origin, a single language, the same customs and a single religion, it should, therefore, have a single government that confederates the different States that will be formed; but this is not possible, because remote climates, different situations, opposing interests and dissimilar characters divide America. (Simón Bolívar. Letter from Jamaica [06.09.1815]. Simón Bolívar; politics, 1983.) The text was written during the independence struggles in Hispanic America. We can say that, a) contrary to what he says in the letter, Bolívar did not accept American diversity and, in his political and military action, he reacted to Brazil's autonomist initiative. of independence and unity of America and was committed to maintaining its status as a Spanish colony.c) as stated in the letter, Bolívar defended American unity and made an effort for Hispanic America to associate itself with Brazil in the fight against North American hegemony on the continent.d) as stated in the letter, Bolívar accepted the geographic and political diversity of the continent, but tried to submit Brazil to the Spanish-American military force.e) as stated in the letter, Bolívar declared several times his dream of American unit, but in his political and military action, he recognized that internal differences were insurmountable.
Question 08 - FGV-SP 2009 - In the Jamaica Letter of 1815, [Simon Bolívar] wrote:I desire, more than any other, to see the greatest nation in the world formed in America, less for its extension and riches than for its liberty and glory. (Flavio de Campos and Renan Garcia Miranda, History Workshop – integrated history) The intention of an independent Hispanic America forming a single country, among other reasons, did not prevail due to a) an agreement between the French and the British, signed in the Congress from Vienna. b) the Spanish interest in weakening the powerful Viceroyalty of New Granada. c) the strong and decisive British, North American and local elites in America. d) the deliberate action of Brazil, concerned with the formation of a powerful State in America. e) tensions between the elites of Mexico and Peru, who were disputing hegemony over America.
Question 09 - In his Letter from Jamaica (1815), Simón Bolívar wrote:"I desire, more than anyone else, to see the greatest nation in the world form in America, less for its extension and riches than for its freedom and glory." (Flávio de Campos and Renan Garcia Miranda, History Workshop – Integrated History.) The expectation of an independent Hispanic America formed by a single country did not prevail due, among other reasons, to a) the agreement signed between France and Great Britain in Congress of Vienna. b) Spain's concern with weakening the powerful Viceroyalty of Peru. c) the interests of the British, North Americans and the Creole elites. d) the intervention of Brazil, apprehensive about the formation of a powerful Spanish-American State. e) the antagonism between criollos and chapetones in the dispute for local power.
Question 10 - UNICAMP/2002 - This wretched portion of our brothers who groaned under the miseries of slavery is now free. Nature, justice and politics demand the emancipation of slaves; henceforth there will be only one class of men in Venezuela:all will be citizens. (Speech by Simon Bolívar, Venezuela, 1816.) a) What is the subject addressed in the above speech? b) Mention two other political movements that were led by Simon Bolívar. c) Cite two political principles that inspired Bolívar's revolutionary action.
Question 11 - UNICAMP/2005 - I consider the current state of America as when the Roman Empire was ruined. Each dismemberment formed a political system, according to its interests and situation. We, who only preserve the vestiges of what we once were, and who, on the other hand, are neither Indians nor Europeans, but a half species between the legitimate owners of the country and the Spanish usurpers. (Adapted from Simon Bolívar, Letter from Jamaica of 1815, in Political Writings. Campinas:Ed. Unicamp, p.61). a) Who was Bolivar and what was his importance in the processes of Independence of the Spanish-American colonies? To which political process does Bolivar refer? b) How does BoIivar refer to criollos in the text? What was the political role of the criollos in the independence of the Spanish colonies?
RECIATION / RESOLUTION 01 - A02 - B03 - A04 - D05 - E06 - C07 - E08 - C09 - C
10 - a) The abolition of slavery in Venezuela, as part of the country's independence process. b) The independence of Colombia and Peru. c) Republicanism, seen as a more liberal form of government, and Pan-Americanism, defending the union of the American peoples against foreign interests, notably English imperialism.11 - a) Venezuelan hero, main liberator of the Spanish colonies in America southern. In the text, Bolívar refers to the process of emancipation in Spanish America. b) As a “half species” between the “legitimate owners of the country” (the Indians) and the “Spanish usurpers” (the colonizers). It was up to the “criollos” (Spanish-American rural aristocracy) to lead the independence process.