[Rōjū] and [Rōjū] It's easy to think of it in the same way, but it looks similar and different.
The old vassal refers to the best vassal who supports the house, but [Rōjū] is the title of the Edo Shogunate. Speaking of the Tokugawa clan's old vassals, it refers to the person with the highest family ancestry, but it was not always said that the person who served as the highest-ranking senior citizen of the shogunate was the person with the highest ancestry.
The old man did not discharge from the Tokugawa Shitenno family! ??
Since the old vassals are only [servants], Shinpan daimyo such as the three families of Owari, Kii, and Mito are excluded. Rōjū was to be selected from Fudai Daimyo, excluding Shinpan and Tozama Daimyo.
However, looking at the old men of the past, Ieyasu's [innkeeper] Naomasa Ii, Yasumasa Sakakibara, Tadakatsu Honda, Tadatsugu Sakai Even a Fudai Daimyo like Tokugawa Shitenno There was basically no discharge of Rōjū in Japan, and the house that produced Rōjū was not necessarily a high-ranking Fudai Daimyo.
The daimyo of these families have a stone height of more than 140,000 stones, which is unprecedented as a Fudai daimyo, and their territories are also placed at key points in various places, governing the land well, storing soldiers, and contingency. At that time, it seems that he was aware that the shogunate's work should be done by the things below to protect the Tokugawa family.
However, there are exceptions to everything, and although there are only a few people in the Honda and Sakai families, they are discharging old people due to special circumstances. * Special circumstances will be described later.
Conditions for old age
Rōjū is basically a castle owner with more than 30,000 stones, Fudai Daimyo It was chosen from. However, there are cases where daimyo with less than 30,000 stones have become old, in which case increase to at least 30,000 stones after promotion . It was customary to be done.
As an aside, if you calculate with one stone =100,000 yen, you can calculate that 30,000 stones have an annual income of 3 billion yen. It is said that 1 million stones are 100 billion. * Varies depending on rice price
There is also a reason to say that it is about 30,000 stones, and if you give power and territory like the No. 2 Kanrei of the Muromachi Shogunate, you will have more power than the shogun, so even if you give power to the old man, it is a territory. Gave only a decent amount.
Earlier, the Honda and Sakai of the Tokugawa Shitenno family Wrote that it was discharged from the old age due to special circumstances, but the reason is that the Honda family had no successor in 1709, and when they adopted a child, only 50,000 stones of the remains were given. strong> The family is deteriorating and matches the conditions of old age It was a discharge due to what I had done.
The Sakai family is a little different, and it is believed that they were selected as a senior citizen because the head of the family disappeared and the head of the family came out of the branch family.
Samurai official position / official position
I will write about the official position and official position of the samurai in the Edo period.
The daimyo had the official position in principle. This position was of paramount importance in constructing the dignity of the daimyo family. The shogunate had the authority to confer the official position, but in the tatemae, the imperial court appointed it.
Originally, it was a government official with a capacity of one person, but it was stipulated in the 1615 Kinchu narabini Kuge Law that there may be multiple officials in the public house, samurai family, and samurai family.
Characteristics of samurai officials and officials
The samurai officials are Chamberlain ⇒ Major General Gon ⇒ General Gonchu ⇒ Sangi ⇒ Proclamation Gonchu ⇒ Dainagon Gondai Echizen Mamoru like Ooka Echizen Kokushi names such as are not considered to be officials, but are given as street officials.
Not all daimyo were given official positions, but only about 20% of all daimyo such as the three families, the lord-class daimyo, and the leading Fudai daimyo.
If you are a junior fourth rank major general, the official position is
Junior Fourth Rank ← Official Position ← Official PositionIt has a structure called.
Therefore, there are general daimyo who have official positions but do not have official positions, and they are called Asasan Daimyo if they are in the fifth rank or lower, and Shihon if they are in the fourth rank or lower.
If you arrange them in order from the bottom ...
Daio Asasan-Four articles-Chamberlain of Japan-Major General Gon-Lt. Gen. Gonchu-Sangi-Gonchu Chunagon-Gondai Dainagon
And will be.
However, if the official positions are the same, the official position will be prioritized, and Junior Fourth Rank Is junior fourth rank Above the chamberlain, third rank counselor Is below the Gonchu Chunagon.
With reference to the above, we will confirm the official positions of the old men and each daimyo.
Rōjū officials
The official name of the general is [ Shogun ], Which is the official position given by the imperial court, but at the same time, Senior Second Rank Naidaijin Appointed to Genji no Chōja It has been with. Shogun Seiko is Junior Second Rank Dainagon So, from the three families, Chunagon of the third rank, Dainagon of the second rank, and Sangi of the third rank Was given.
Even the Tozama Daimyo Maeda, Shimazu, Date Daimyo such as Fourth Rank to Junior Fourth Rank I was given the official position. Other state-owned daimyo are appointed as junior fourth-ranked chamberlains to major generals, and general castle-owned daimyo are fifth-ranked . Was given the official position.
On the other hand, the lords who became old are Junior Fourth Rank . Given the same rank as a national daimyo Was given.
This fourth place is a form that can be obtained after 30 years have passed since a daimyo with more than 100,000 stones became the head of the family . So, when the form goes up, Daimyo-den seat Can move to the hall. However, although the form goes up, there is no change in the official position itself.
After 30 years have passed since the 4th rank, Junior Fourth Rank Can be given.
In this way, Junior Fourth Rank Chamberlain Is a very honorable position for a general daimyo That's how it was. I was able to get such an official position as a general daimyo during the old age.
Daimyo palace seat
The seats have come out here, so I will touch on them a little.
The palace seat is a room that is packed inside the castle when you serve Edo Castle. It refers to the thing.
The rooms to be reserved differed depending on the style of each daimyo, and that was the status among the daimyo.
The station in the palace was roughly divided into seven.
Daimyo seat"Corridor"
The best room given to the daimyo associated with the Shogun, divided into [Upper Room] and [Lower Room]. The upper part was filled with the three families, and the lower part was filled with daimyo such as the Maeda, Shimazu, and Date clan.
"During the pool"
As a vassal of the shogun, the Ii family, the Aizu Matsudaira family, the Takamatsu Matsudaira family, etc. were packed in the best room. The other Fudai Daimyo were packed between the Imperial Ships. ..
"Hall"
The family gate, Tozama Daimyo, was packed with people in 4th place or higher.
"Between the Imperial Ships"
Among the Fudai Daimyo, the descendants of the senior vassals from the Mikawa era were packed. It seems that the Ii family was exceptional among them.
"Willow Room"
The Akaho feudal lord Naganori Asano, who slashed at the Takaya Kira Mio in Chushingura, is a branch of the Aki Asano family, so the station is here. It is considered.
"Goose Room"
It was a waiting time for the crowd, and in principle, it was packed by the castle owner or the castle owner.
"Kiku no Maen cheek"
Although it was a waiting room like a crowd, it was mainly packed by castleless people.
Summary ...
Since the Shogunate is an organization under the direct control of the Tokugawa Shogunate, it will be operated only by the Fudai Daimyo and the Tokugawa family's vassals such as Hatamoto and Gokenin. In the first place, there was no rule from the beginning that Shinpan daimyo such as the Misan family and Tozama daimyo would assume the position of the shogunate, and I could not speak to the shogunate.
High voice in the Shogunate =High status So, of course, the status is much higher for the dainagon and chunagon, such as the Misan family, the Maeda family, the Date family, and the Mori family. The idea is that it's great, so if you think you don't have to work for the shogunate, it's refreshing.
[Then, what about Matsudaira Sadanobu, the Shinpan Daimyo of Yoshimune's grandson? You're an old man, right? ]
Sadanobu was adopted by the Fudai Daimyo, the Shirakawa Matsudaira family, from the Tayasu family of the three lords, so he was able to obtain the qualification of a senior citizen. I couldn't get it out.
In terms of the shogunate's right to speak, there are older people than old people, but like the regents and Kampaku, all of them were full honorary positions except for Masatoshi Hotta during the Tsunayoshi era.
This Rōjū system continues from the time of Ieyasu Tokugawa through various changes until the end of the Tokugawa shogunate, and I would like to write about the process of that change in another article.