Ryo Yoshizawa plays Eiichi Shibusawa and talks about something [ Reach Beyond the Blue ]. There are many unique performers such as Tsuyoshi Kusanagi who plays Yoshinobu Tokugawa and Naoto Takenaka who plays Nariaki Tokugawa.
So far, Naoto Takenaka has been 1996 . Taiga drama [ Hideyoshi ] And Toyotomi Hideyoshi He played the role and returned to the role of Hideyoshi in the 2014 Taiga drama [Gunshi Kanbei], and it was well established in me that the role of Hideyoshi =Naoto Takenaka. So I played the role of Tokugawa Nariaki in Reach Beyond the Blue Sky, but I shouldn't be the only one who could only be seen by Hideyoshi ...
However, when you look at the portrait of Tokugawa Nariaki, you can see that it resembles Naoto Takenaka, and it is a famous story that made people wonder if this is the reason for casting.
Eiichi Shibusawa However, the end of the Edo period, when he lived in the first half of his life, was a turbulent era. Tokugawa Nariaki is one of the important people in looking at that era.
So, this time, I would like to write about Mr. Komon [Nariaki Tokugawa] at the end of the Edo period.
Mito Komon is not only Tokugawa Mitsukuni! ??
As the title says, Mito Komon Speaking of [ Mitsukuni Mito, the second feudal lord ] Is famous, but in the first place, Komon is a Chinese-style paraphrase of the ancient Japanese official post, Chunagon. In short, since Chunagon =Komon, Tokugawa Mitsukuni is not the only Komon-sama.
Speaking of what Mito Mitsukuni and Nariaki have in common, they are the same Mito feudal lord, and we recognize that they are Owari, Kishu, Mito . Tokugawa Gosanke As you know, it's your family. However, the Mito Tokugawa family has not been recognized as the Misan family since the establishment of the Shogunate, and the Misan family = Shogun family, Owari family, Kishu family It is said that the Mito family was ranked below it.
However, the 7th feudal lord of Owari, Muneharu Tokugawa, often broke the rules of the shogunate, so he complained from the shogun Yoshimune at that time. Should I have decided? ] It seems that he argued and rubbed. In the process, Shogun Yoshimune retires Muneharu [ Misanke ] Is Owari / Kishu / Mito family Then, the shogun family decided that it was a house to stand on.
Without this Owari repulsion, the Mito family might not have been recognized as the three families, so from the Mito family's point of view, they would not be able to turn their feet to the Owari family and sleep. This may be the reason why the Mito family did not send a shogun other than Yoshinobu Tokugawa.
The story is a little off, but let's move on to the main subject.
Birth of Tokugawa Nariaki
Reach Beyond the Blue Sky [ Stubborn Old Man ] The 9th Mito feudal lord, Nariaki Tokugawa However, although it is said that he was a popular virtuoso among the common people, he has a rough temper [ Nariaki . ] It seems that there is also a synonym.
1800 The 7th generation of the Mito domain, Harutoshi Tokugawa Born in the Mito clan's residence in Edo as the third son of 11th Shogun Ienari Tokugawa Nariaki Tokugawa after taking office as the feudal lord I will call myself. When he was young, he studied Mitogaku and showed his brilliance.
In Harutoshi Tokugawa, there were four boys who were adopted by each family except for the eldest brother, but only Nariaki remained in the Mito Tokugawa family as a copy of his eldest brother.
A turning point will come to Nariaki. 1829 When the eldest brother, the 8th feudal lord, Narino, died without deciding the next feudal lord, the anti-Nariaki faction showed disturbing movements, but shortly after the death of Saisho, a deceased lord was found, and Tokugawa Nariaki Became the 9th Mito feudal lord.
Tokugawa Nariaki's domain reforms
After taking office as the feudal lord, domain reform And renewed personnel affairs. He ordered excellent human resources to be magistrates and dispatched them to rural areas to contribute to the reconstruction of rural areas.
In addition, Nariaki has set up four pillars for reforming the domain.
- Maintain order by inspecting the clan and correcting the boundaries
- Settle the castle clan in the county and expand the armament
- Establish Kodokan and build another school
- Abolition of Edo Sadafu * of the feudal lord
* Serving together while the feudal lord is in Edo during the change of attendance
After taking office as the feudal lord, he carried out the reform of the feudal affairs and renewed the personnel affairs. He ordered excellent human resources to be magistrates and dispatched them to rural areas to contribute to the reconstruction of rural areas.
We are also focusing on the military, Nakaminato . We built a battery in the city, cast and installed cannons, and conducted large-scale military training almost every year.
Focus on education [ Kodokan ] I established a clan school called, and let my children learn. Fostering excellent human resources from among the citizens, Mitogaku Besides, it seems that he was widely learned about natural science and martial arts.
The Mito clan has a major feature that it does not have a graduation system because it is a lifelong study. At this Kodokan, [ lifelong learning ] Is the concept that existed more than 100 years ago.
Kairakuen as a facility for spiritual training and leisure Was also built and opened to the lords.
He issued a frugality order by rebuilding the clan's finances, and took the initiative to show frugality.
However, this reform of Nariaki caused antipathy from the conservatives, and the shogunate disliked the military training that he was particularly focusing on. In addition, the monks confiscated the bell tower of the temple to cast a cannon, and the monks resented him. Furthermore, he spoke to the shogunate and recommended frugality, so he was disliked by Ooku.
This kind of antipathy moved the Shogunate, 1844 . Tokugawa Nariaki is dismissed I have received it.
However, instead of Nariaki ending here, when the decency becomes loose, Rōjū Abe Masahiro He advised that it would be better to ask the other three families and the lords of the Yuhan for their opinions on the maritime defense measures of foreign envoys who would eventually come for trade.
Tokugawa Nariaki's fears became a reality in 1853. The Black Ships arrived in Uraga Bay.
Then, Nariaki presented 74 cannons to the shogunate and brought them to Edo, and the common people who were scared of Kurofune praised Nariaki and became popular immediately. The shogunate, who wanted to smoke about Nariaki, was impressed with this action and ordered the shogunate to participate in the sea defense.
With the arrival of the Black Ships, Rōjū and Masahiro Abe began to ask the feudal lords for their opinions on maritime defense measures, as suggested by Nariaki. However, this was also the key to the intervention of the shogunate government at the end of the Tokugawa shogunate.
Further 1857 When US Consul General Harris urges the conclusion of a trade treaty, Nariaki, a jōi sect, takes the opposite stance. Rōjū at the time, Hotta Masayoshi Moves to obtain a royal charter to conclude a trade treaty from the imperial court in order to suppress Nariaki, but Nariaki Emperor Komei in advance. I couldn't get the edict because I was infusing the theory of jōi.
Japan's political dispute moved from Edo to Kyoto as the Shogunate's policy was opposed by the imperial court in Kyoto. The plot that Nariaki made for the shogunate resulted in the deprivation of the authority of the shogunate.
Ansei Purge and Tokugawa Nariaki
Naosuke Ii Treaty of Amity and Commerce between Japan and the United States We signed the signing of Ansei Purge, in which the daimyo of the opposition were retired and retired one after another, and the priests of Sonno Joi were thoroughly suppressed. As part of that, Nariaki was also imprisoned at the Mito clan's residence.
As a result, Tokugawa Nariaki will virtually disappear from the front stage of politics.
The Mito clan who were not satisfied with this disposition had a change outside Sakuradamon that assassinated Naosuke Ii in the castle in March 1860, and in 1864 the mito rebellion in the clan raised troops at Mt. Tsukuba. There will be a turbulence. The turbulence was subdued by the shogunate, resulting in a major incident in which 350 people were exiled and 130 people were exiled to the island.
Tokugawa Nariaki August 15, 1860 60 years old Will end his life. It was only half a year after the Sakuradamon Incident, so it was said that Nariaki's death was an assassination by the Hikone Domain, but the Hikone Domain denied it at that time.
It is generally believed that he has been suffering from angina since the middle ages and is a myocardial infarction due to damage caused by long-term stagnation.
Mitogaku and Tokugawa Mitsukuni
Mitogaku is a school spirit unique to the Mito clan that incorporates national studies and history while focusing on Cheng-Zhu school, and this school spirit became the basis of the Kodokan.
In the era of the second feudal lord, Tokugawa Mitsukuni, the Mito feudal clan formed a national view that theorized the original theory of Sonno Joi in the process of editing the history of Dai Nihonshi. During the Nariaki feudal era, the threat of Western powers and the weakening of the Bakuhan system became prominent, and the idea of linking to Nariaki based on the idea of the Emperor became greater during the reform of Nariaki.
In addition, the Mito domain scholar Aizawa Seishisai emphasized the importance of national defense [ Shinron . ] Became a bestseller in the domain and was treated like a Bible among the priests.
In this way, the Mito clan was expected from all sides with the ideal theory of Sonno Joi, but he was regarded as a heretic in the shogunate and lost the opportunity to play an active role. It is believed that this is the reason why the Mito clan-born scholars did not hear from the Meiji Restoration at the end of the Edo period.
However, editing of Dai Nihonshi started from Mitsukuni. Continued after the Meiji era 1906 Finally showed the completion. After the Meiji Restoration, The Three Houses are Marquis However, the Mito Tokugawa family was credited with the history of Dai Nihonshi [ Duke . ] Will go up.