First Punic War (264-241 BC)
- Carthage lost Sicily to Rome.
- Rome gained control of most of the Mediterranean Sea.
- Carthage paid a large indemnity to Rome.
Second Punic War (218-201 BC)
- Hannibal, a Carthaginian general, invaded Italy and defeated several Roman armies.
- Scipio Africanus, a Roman general, invaded North Africa and defeated Hannibal.
- Carthage surrendered and lost all of its overseas territories except for its capital city.
- Rome became the dominant power in the Mediterranean Sea.
Third Punic War (149-146 BC)
- Rome destroyed Carthage and sold its inhabitants into slavery.
- Rome gained control of all of North Africa.
- The destruction of Carthage marked the end of the Carthaginian Empire and the beginning of the Roman Empire.