Fujiwara no Yorimichi Michinaga in 1017 From Regent Status Was handed over, and its Michinaga After his death, he was the person who built the era as a leading figure in the morning affairs. Go-Ichijo, Go-Suzaku, Go-Reizen Emperor And the 3rd emperor's regent / Kampaku It can be said that he lived in the heyday of Fujiwara after serving for more than 50 years.
Mr. Fujiwara in such a situation It was, but Yorimichi He brought his daughter to the Emperor, but he was not blessed with a prince, and in 1068 he had little connection with the regents Emperor Go-Sanjo . Influential declined in the wake of the birth of. At the same time as the decline of the regents, politics centered on the emperor and emeritus will take place. It will be like.
This political system will be related to the Heike later, so I would like to investigate the circumstances a little.
Emperor Go-Sanjo's pro-government and cloister rule start
Gosanjo Oe no Masafusa with excellent academic knowledge in the morning (Oe Masafusa) and others are heavily used, sources of income for the regents Manor which is one of Is thoroughly managed. So-called Nobuhisa's Mansion Arrangement Order is. Nobuhisa's Mansion Arrangement Order The difference from the previous villa reorganization order is that the Kokushi was completely cracking down.
Ritsuryo system during this period It was an era when politics was supposed to be underway, but in reality it is a connection society . .. Success to get the official position (of course, including the Kokushi who is in charge of local politics) by handing over private property to influential people Heavy duty to be reappointed to the official position with high income Manor because (chonin) was widely practiced It was impossible to thoroughly investigate.
* This is because the source of income for the sesame seeds was cut off, which could lead to the loss of his position.
Nobuhisa's villa reorganization order Then record villa ticket office By establishing a new department called Kokushi's report and the villa owner's report together, it will be examined You will be able to do it. If you don't meet that standard, stop the mansion I was able to take the measures.
Nobuhisa's Mansion Arrangement Order Manor started around the 10th century when Non-transportation / non-entry Manor by borrowing only the name in return for paying the rent to the influential person in order to make the best use of (=tax exemption) There were many who maintained.
Fujiwara Sekiya Manor Of course, this non-transportation / non-entry right Procedure to obtain (= Tachibana-so ) Can be passed through. Of course, it is natural to lend a name, so this villa reorganization order will have an economic impact . Received.
Also, Emperor Gosanjo Is the first prince ( Sadahito prince ) To the adopted daughter of the regent, Kenko I recommend (Kenshi). This Kenko , Her parents are Murakami Genji's origin The grandson of the person who was the Minister of the Right in the morning of Sanjo Although the anti-Sekiseki side's speculation can be seen and hidden by the person who hits, it seems that he was very close to the Imperial Prince Sadahito.
What should we do with the Crown Prince when we have a child between them? At that stage, Emperor Gosanjo Is Imperial Prince Sadahito Transferred to Emperor Shirakawa The prince of Emperor Shirakawa is not made a prince, but a crown prince is set up. Customs politics This is to prevent it from being returned to.
To tell the truth, there seems to be a theory that this transfer itself was not the intention as described above, but "I transferred because I got sick", but after that, it was the first cloister rule with the transfer of Emperor Sanjo.> This means that the system has started.
The reign was short, from 1068 to 1073, but succeeded in reducing the power of the regents . It can be said that the emperor did.
To the cloister rule by Emperor Shirakawa
Emperor Shirakawa Is Kampaku ( Fujiwara no Morozomi (Morozane)) and his adopted daughter, Kenko Despite the fact that it was a Chugū, the direction to weaken the power of the regents (The power relationship between the regents and the anti-regents, the will of the predecessor emperor, etc .... As a result of various speculations, we went in this direction).
Fujiwara no Morozane Chief There is a conflict within the regents over the status of Kenko Imperial prince Yoshihito born during Emperor Shirakawa We will establish a cooperative system by having the same interests.
Emperor Shirakawa's will =grandson of Morozane becomes emperor In other words, customs politics by the consort kin so far Means to return to. Morozane In addition to the story that he didn't like the fight, he probably had some idea. Emperor Shirakawa in order to advance the confrontation within the regents, knowing that it will hurt himself. And Morozane Enters a cooperative system.
Meanwhile, Kenko Died, and a year later her royal brother passed away. Emperor Shirakawa Kenko in addition to his political skills Emperor Horikawa by making his 8-year-old son a crown prince and transferring it on the same day, probably because of his death. Is born. He himself is Daijo Tenno Next to Emperor Horikawa Served as guardian.
Emperor Shirakawa Was born cloister rule (=Opening the in-no-cho as the emeritus and taking control while guarding the emeritus) has begun, but at this point the emeritus Was not exercising absolute power. Kampaku Morozane Emperor Shirakawa Cloister rule for myself It is said that he had no intention. The substance is customs politics It can be said that it was returning to.
The death of Fujiwara no Morozane and his son, Moromichi
In 1094, Morozane Moromichi Is Kampaku Will be inaugurated. Emperor Horikawa around this time Was 16 years old and was aiming for political independence, so Moromichi Is Emperor Shirakawa Was opposed to the political intervention of.
Emperor Horikawa When he grows up, Emperor Horikawa / Moromichi Partly because of the pro-government under the regime (which seems to have been a fairly well-received reign), the period of allowing his sons' political regime continues.
However, at the young age of 38 in 1099 Moromichi died suddenly I will. His successor is Moromichi Eldest son, faithful 22 years old. He has not yet become a minister and is politically immature. His grandfather, Master, has already retired and is faithful . I can't support it.
This fact is cloister rule Pope Shirakawa (I left home in 1096 and emeritus From Pope It was a key to increasing the presence of (the way it is called).
On the other hand ...
Emperor Horikawa As for myself, Pope Shirakawa His involvement in politics grows stronger and he loses interest in morning politics.
After all, in 1105 faithful Is Kampaku However, I was afraid that I was young, and I was a regent . "I am Kampaku Some people say, "I'm good at it." After that, faithful Somehow stayed in the position of Kampaku, but until a while ago regents I fell into an unthinkable situation.
Emperor Horikawa Demise at the young age of 29 in 1107, partly because he was naturally ill, Emperor Horikawa Prince is 5 years old Emperor Toba Enthronement as. Of course, even at this time, Pope Shirakawa Is in control hospital system Emperor Sutoku Will reach the coronation.
In addition, regents Is declining institute (Emperor) is in control, but the samurai who was strengthening at that time In addition to organizing Genpei's samurai It is also cloister rule that the military power by making a close aide was behind. It can be said that this is the reason why it has taken root for more than 100 years.
This trend gradually Kamakura period I will continue to, but I will write it in another article.